LOCATION JAMESTOWN INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Aeric Epiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Jamestown silt loam, occasionally flooded, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 807 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--5 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine to medium interstitial and tubular pores with moderate continuity; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 7 to 12 inches.)
Bw--11 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) rounded masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg1--19 to 28 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) rounded masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bg2--28 to 33 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) rounded masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw or Bg horizon is 20 to 40 inches.)
2BC1--33 to 44 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores with moderate continuity; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) rounded masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2BC2--44 to 52 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 6 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2BC horizon is 10 to 25 inches.)
3Cd1--52 to 68 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; very firm; many medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
3Cd2--68 to 80 inches; gray (N 5/0) loam; massive; very firm; common medium faint greenish gray (10Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1 mile northwest of Wakarusa; 860 feet east and 240 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 26, T. 36 N., R. 4 E.; U.S.G.S. Wakarusa, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 32 minutes 2 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 2 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 580407 easting and 4598481 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches
Particle-size control section: averages 18 to 33 percent clay and 15 to 45 percent fine sand or coarser
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Bw or Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
2BC or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sandy loam in the upper part and loamy sand in the lower part; the range also includes fine sandy loam, fine sand, or sand; texture usually becomes coarser with depth. Subhorizons of loamy sand or coarser are present in all pedons.
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
3Cd horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y, or N
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 0 to 6
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Mill series. Mill soils have a Bg/E horizon that is more acidic than slightly acid in the upper part of the series control section, and they occur in MLRA 139. A similar soil is the Kilmanagh series. Kilmanagh soils have an active cation-exchange activity class.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Jamestown soils formed in recent alluvium over dense till and are on narrow, low lying flood plains in areas of Wisconsinan glaciation. Slope gradients range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Brookston, Sloan, Southwest, and Waterford soils. The poorly drained Brookston soils formed in till and are on higher lying footslopes adjacent to dissected till plains and moraines. The very poorly drained Sloan soils are in backswamps and have a mollic epipedon. The poorly drained Southwest soils have a buried soil and are on toeslopes adjacent to dissected till plains, moraines, and terraces. The somewhat poorly drained Waterford soils are on natural levees and higher lying flood-plain steps.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and moderately rapid or rapid in the lower part, and slow or very slow in the underlying dense till. The depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 feet for some time in normal years. These soils are occasionally flooded for brief duration.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are dominantly used for growing corn and soybeans. Some areas are in forest or pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111 and 98 in northern Indiana. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 11 inches (Ap horizon)
Cambic horizon: from 11 to 33 inches (Bw and Bg horizons)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below 11 inches
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124278 represents the typical pedon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S95IN-039-006) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T94IN-039-045) for the typical pedon is on file at the MLRA project office in Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 80 percent Jamestown and 20 percent Brookston soils.