LOCATION HOYLETON ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hoyleton silt loam - on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 655 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine roots; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak thin platy structure; friable; common very fine and few fine roots; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic stains lining root channels and pores; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions and stains throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
BEt--11 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and few distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and many prominent very pale brown (10YR 8/2) silt coatings on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6 and 5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--20 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films lining root channels and pores; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 15 to 44 inches.)
2Bt3--33 to 39 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining root channels and pores; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common medium faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; about 10 percent fine sand; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 30 inches thick)
2BCt--39 to 54 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; massive; friable; few very fine roots; few faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films lining root channels and pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation and common medium faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; about 15 percent fine sand; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Cg--54 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout; about 25 percent fine sand; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Shelby County, Illinois; located 2,160 feet east and 295 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 15, T. 9 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Shumway, Illinois, topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 13 minutes 46 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 37 minutes 48.2 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16S, 0359300 Easting and 4343295 Northing.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Loess thickness ranges from 30 to 55 inches and contains less than 7 percent fine sand or coarser. Depth to carbonates is greater than 60 inches. The particle size control section averages between 35 and 45 percent clay. The silty or loamy deposits beneath the loess contain more sand than the overlying loess.
The Ap or A horizon commonly has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam. It is very strongly acid to moderately acid, except pedons that have been limed range to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam. It is moderately acid to very strongly acid, except pedons that have been limed range to neutral.
The BEt and Bt horizons have hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silty clay loam or silty clay. It is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The 2Bt and 2BC horizon(s) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silt loam, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. It is slightly acid to strongly acid.
The 2C or 2Cg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam. It is neutral to moderately acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Sedalia and Sunbury series. Sedalia soils formed in loess over clayey residuum and contain more clay in the lower part of the solum. Sunbury soils are less acid than strongly acid in the Bt horizon, have carbonates within a depth of 60 inches, and have a 2B horizon in Wisconsinan age till.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hoyleton soils are on low convex ridges of Illinoisan till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 7 percent. These soils formed in 30 to 55 inches of loess and the underlying silty or loamy deposits. The loess is late Wisconsinan Peoria silts, and the underlying silty or loamy deposits are early Wisconsinan Roxana silts. Hoyleton soils are commonly underlain at depths of about 5 to 7 feet by a strongly weathered Sangamon age paleosol in Illinoisan age till. Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 53 to 57 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation ranges from about 36 to 44 inches. Elevation ranges from 400 to 700 feet above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bluford, Cisne, Darmstadt, Huey, Oskaloosa, and Richview soils. Bluford and Oskaloosa soils have fragic soil properties, have a lighter colored surface layer, and are on similar nearby low convex ridges or on more nearly level parts of the till plain. Cisne and Huey soils are poorly drained and are on more nearly level or lower lying parts of the till plain. Also, Huey soils have a natric horizon. Darmstadt soils have a natric horizon; they are in an intricate pattern with Hoyleton soils on some broad convex ridges. Richview soils are better drained and are on higher or more sloping ridges.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. Native vegetation was prairie grasses and widely spaced trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Illinois. Hoyleton soils are extensive. MLRAs 113 and 114.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Illinois, 1927.
REMARKS: With this update (12/2003), the OSD typical pedon is moved to an area that better represents the series concept of Hoyleton, and the classification of Hoyleton is changed from Aquertic Hapludalfs to Aquollic Hapludalfs. These soils typically do not exhibit cracks of sufficient width or depth for the Aquertic designation. In addition, lab data from supporting pedons indicate that the linear extensibility is not sufficient to support the Aquertic designation.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon);
albic horizon - the zone from approximately 8 to 11 inches (E horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 11 to 33 inches (BEt, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons);