LOCATION HORTONVILLE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hortonville fine sandy loam - on a west-facing 2 percent slope in an alfalfa-red clover field at an elevation of about 880 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 6 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
B/E--9 to 12 inches; about 75 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam (Bt); strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam (E), light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; common fine roots; few worm holes and casts in upper 1 to 2 inches; about 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 2 to 19 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, coatings on vertical faces of prisms; about 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--16 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--22 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films mainly on vertical faces of peds; about 12 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 8 to 30 inches.)
C--28 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; massive; firm; few fine roots; about 10 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Waupaca County, Wisconsin; about 1.5 miles south and 2 miles west of Weyauwega; 2580 feet south and 1080 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 18, T. 21 N., R. 13 E.; USGS Weyauwega, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle;I lat. 44 degrees 17 minutes 37 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 57 minutes 56 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Some pedons have a silt loam mantle less than 12 inches thick. Clay content averages from 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section but ranges from 20 to 40 percent in individual subhorizons of the argillic. Volume of gravel ranges from 1 to 15 percent throughout. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Reaction naturally is moderately acid or slightly acid in the surface layer and upper subsoil but ranges to slightly alkaline, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part of the subsoil and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates are in the substratum and, in some pedons, are in the lower part of the subsoil. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 15 to 40 percent in the substratum.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Dry value exceeds 5.5. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon, 1 to 5 inches thick, with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 and 5/3 have dry value of 7 or more. Texture is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.
Hortonville soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizon, or both) (2E/B or 2B/E in pedons with a thin silty mantle). The E part has color like the E horizon described above. Texture is fine sandy loam or loam. The Bt part has hue of 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is typically silty clay loam with more than 15 percent sand or clay loam but is sandy clay loam in some pedons.
The Bt horizon (2Bt in pedons with a thin silt loam mantle) has dominant hue of 5YR or 7.5YR but some pedons have subhorizons with hue of 2.5 YR or 7.5YR. Hue of 5YR occurs in some part of the Bt horizon. Value is 3 to 6 and chroma is 4 to 6. Texture is mostly clay loam or silty clay loam with more than 15 percent sand but grades to loam or fine sandy loam in the lower part in most pedons.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam or loam. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 15 to 40 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Guelph, and Waymor series. Guelph soils have hues yellower than 5YR throughout the argillic horizon. Waymor soils average 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hortonville soils are on drumlins and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 35 percent. Hortonville soils formed mostly in calcareous loamy till of late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 50 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 135 to 155 days. Elevation ranges from 700 feet to 1000 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are mainly the Symco and Kewaunee soils. The somewhat poorly drained Symco soils form a drainage sequence with the Hortonville soils. Kewaunee soils are nearby on landscape positions similar to those of Hortonville soils where there is more clay in the soil.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from medium to very high. Permeability is moderately.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. A few areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest. Common trees are American basswood, sugar maple, northern red oak, and yellow birch.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Wisconsin. Hortonville soils are of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Outagamie County, Wisconsin, 1975.
REMARKS: The Hortonville soils were formerly included with the Kewaunee series.
A new series is needed for 1,755 acres correlated as Hortonville, limestone substratum in Outagamie County (limestone at 40 to 60 inches).
In Winnebago County, there are 28,568 ac. correlated as a Taxadjunt to the Hortonville series because they do not have a glossic horizon. It appears they classify as fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs. They do not fit any existing series. A new series is needed.
10/04 The difference in concept between Hortonville and Waymor is unclear. It appears that, at the time of mapping, the concept was that Hortonville had more clay than Waymor in the lower subsoil and in the substratum. However, numerous field descriptions and limited lab data do not show a significant mutually exclusive difference. This revision differentiates the two soils based on the weighted average clay content in the particle-size control section (18-27% for Waymor and 27-35% for Hortonville). The limited lab data available supports this. However, field descriptions do not entirely support this separation. For example, the typical pedon for Waymor in Kewaunee County has textures of silty clay loam and clay loam in the argillic horizon. If the textures are correct, this pedon would average more than 27 percent clay in the argillic. Additional study of these two soils is needed to determine if they can be separated and on what criteria.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap); glossic horizon - 9 to 12 inches (B/E); argillic horizon - 9 to 28 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3); haplic feature - glossic horizon less than 20 inches thick.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number S78WI-135-003 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.