LOCATION HOLLISTER TX+OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Haplusterts
TYPICAL PEDON: Hollister clay loam--cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable common fine roots; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bw--6 to 12 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine roots; few very fine pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bss1--12 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse wedge-shaped aggregates parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots; few very fine pores; common distinct slickensides; few fine calcium carbonate concretions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 30 inches thick)
Bss2--32 to 52 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse wedge-shaped aggregates parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure, extremely hard, very firm, few fine roots; few very fine pores; many distinct slickensides; few fine calcium carbonate concretions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 28 inches thick)
Bkss1--52 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse wedge-shaped aggregates parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few fine pores; many distinct slickensides; few streaks and pockets of gypsum; 3 to 5 percent masses and concretions of calcium carbonate, increasing with depth; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 24 inches thick)
Bkss2--60 to 70 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; moderate coarse wedge-shaped aggregates parting to moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine pores; many distinct slickensides; few pockets of gypsum; 5 to 10 percent masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
2BCss--70 to 75 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) clay, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; laminated with light gray or light olive gray weathered claystone; weak coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common distinct slickensides; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Hardeman County, Texas; from the intersection of Farm Road 2006 and U. S. Highway 287 in Chillicothe; 3.4 miles west on U. S. Highway 287; 2.05 miles south on county road; 130 feet east of county road in cropland. Latitude: 34 degrees, 13 minutes, 35 seconds N; Longitude 99 degrees, 34 minutes, 26 seconds W; USGS Medicine Mound quadrangle; NAD 1927
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum ranges from 60 to more than 80 inches thick. The particle-size control section has 38 to 55 percent clay. In native areas this soil has a slightly wavy surface layer that corresponds to the wavy soil layers. Microhighs are usually not visible. They occur as circular spots 5 to 15 feet in diameter and make up less than 20 percent of the soil area. Occasionally a microlow 4 to 8 feet in diameter occurs. The microlows are 4 to 8 inches deeper than the surrounding surface and make up less than 5 percent of the soil area. When dry, cracks 0.4 inches to 2 or more inches wide extend from the surface to a depth of 30 inches or more. The cracks remain open for 150 or more cumulative days during most years. Slickensides begin at a depth of 8 to 20 inches. Except in areas of the microhighs, the mollic epipedon ranges from 20 to 48 inches thick and includes the upper Bss horizons in most pedons. Secondary carbonates are within a depth of 6 to 30 inches.
The A and Bw horizons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. The chroma of 3 occurs only in areas of microhighs where the mollic epipedon is less than 20 inches thick. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. The reaction ranges neutral to moderately alkaline and is noneffervescent to strongly effervescent. The effervescent areas occur on microhighs.
The Bss horizons have hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. The reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline and is noneffervescent to strongly effervescent. This layer is slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent in the microhighs and the Bss2 horizon.
The Bkss horizons have hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and is slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent. Concretions, masses, and films of calcium carbonate range from about 3 to 15 percent by volume. However, the calcium carbonate equivalent is less than 15 percent to a depth of 50 inches.
The Bk horizon, present in some pedons, is below a depth of 50 inches. Color has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. About 5 to 20 percent by volume of threads, masses and concretions of calcium carbonate are present. Reaction is moderately alkaline and is strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
The 2BCss horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Weathered grayish strata are common to some pedons. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and is slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
The 2C horizon, where encountered, has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. Grayish strata are common. Texture is clay or the horizon is weakly cemented claystone. Reaction is moderately alkaline and is slightly effervescent to strongly effervescent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Campwood, Indiahoma, Irion, Leeray, Lockney, Roscoe, and Teagard series in the same family and the similar Kingco series. Campwood soils have coarse fragments of limestone in the upper subsoil, have mean annual air temperature of 65 to 70 degrees, and are formed in Cretaceous age materials. Indiahoma soils formed in Permian age clay, have linear shaped microhighs, with chroma 3 to 6, that comprise 25 to 50 percent of the pedon. Also, the microhigh sola is commonly less than 60 inches thick. Irion soils have indurated Cretaceous age platy limestone between 60 and 80 inches. Kingco soils have mixed clay mineralogy, occur in slight depressional areas, and are moderately well drained. Leeray soils have SAR of 8 to more than 15 within 40 inches of the surface and have an amplitude of waviness of the boundary between the A and Bss horizons that is more than 15 inches in over half of the pedon. Lockney soils are moderately well drained and formed in eolian sediments of the High Plains. Roscoe soils are in flat to slightly depressional areas, are moderately well drained, and more than one half of the surface has chroma less than 2 to a depth of 18 inches or more. Teagard soils are less than 40 inches thick over Cretaceous age shale.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hollister soils are on broad flat plain terraces. Slopes are dominantly less than 0.5 percent but some small areas have slope up to 3 percent. The soil formed mainly in Pleistocene age calcareous alluvial clays that were deposited over Permian age sediments. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 30 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 59 to 64 degrees F. Frost-free days range from 190 to 230 days and elevation ranges from 1000 to 2100 feet. Thornthwaite annual P-E index ranges from 33 to 44.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These is the competing Roscoe series and the Abilene, Rotan, Sagerton, Tillman, Tilvern, Vernon and Westill series. Roscoe soils are slightly lower in the landscape. Abilene, Rotan, Sagerton, Tillman, Tilvern and Westill soils are on similar to slightly higher landscape positions and have an argillic horizon. Vernon soils have an ochric epipedon, are underlain by Permian age sediments within a depth of 40 inches, and are higher or lower in the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is high on 0 to 1 percent slopes and very high on 1 to 3 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used as cropland. Crops are mostly wheat, cotton, and grain sorghum. Native vegetation is mainly buffalograss, vine mesquite, grama species, tall dropseed, Texas wintergrass. Mesquite trees and prickleypear cactus are common invaders.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern part of the Central Rolling Red Plains, LRR H; MLRA-78C and the eastern part of MLRA-78B of northwest Texas and western Oklahoma. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Hardeman County, Texas; 1932.
REMARKS: Classification of the Hollister series is changed from Pachic Agriustolls to Typic Haplusterts 03/1998 based on a study across the series province in Texas and Oklahoma during 1998.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - 0 to 32 inches (Ap, BA and Bss horizons).
Cambic horizon - 6 to 12 inches (Bw horizon).
Vertic features - slickensides from 12 to 75 inches (Bss, Bkss, and 2BCss horizons).
Lithologic discontinuity - at the boundary of the 2BCss horizon.
Soil Interpretation Record: TX0293
Range Site: Clay Loam - 078CY096TX
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL lab data from Jackson County, OK (S96OK-065-006); TAMU lab data for a study of the Hollister series across the series province; S98TX-485-01; S98OK-057-01; S98OK-075-01; S98OK-151-01; S98TX-009-01; S98TX-155-01; S98TX-197-01; S98TX-275-01; S98TX-275-02.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition, 1999.