LOCATION HOLLAND CA+OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Ultic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Holland sandy loam - on an east facing slope of 25 percent under ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and bear clover at an elevation of 3,760 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described August 24, 1977 the soil was slightly moist throughout).
Oi--2 inches 0; fresh and decomposing needle and leaf litter.
A1--0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial, common fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 5.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
A2--3 to 7 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; many very fine interstitial, many fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 5.9); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
AB--7 to 14 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial and fine tubular pores; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 17 inches thick)
BAt--14 to 25 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine interstitial and many fine and medium tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and bridging mineral grains, many distinct clay films line pores; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 25 inches thick)
Bt1--25 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and very plastic; few very fine, common fine and medium roots; many very fine interstitial and many fine and medium tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds, many distinct clay films line pores; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual smooth boundary. (9 to 30 inches thick)
Bt2--34 to 51 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, sticky and very plastic; common fine and medium, few very fine and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial and many fine tubular pores; many faint, common distinct clay films on faces of peds, many distinct clay films line pores; moderately acid (pH 5.9); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 35 inches thick)
Bt3--51 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm, sticky and very plastic; common medium roots; many very fine interstitial, many fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and line pores; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear smooth boundary. (9 to 15 inches thick)
C--60 to 66 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm, sticky and plastic; common medium few coarse roots; many very fine interstitial and many fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and line pores; moderately acid (pH 5.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Fresno County, California; Sierra National Forest; a little over one mile NNW of Blue Canyon Work Center, on a roadcut on Forest Road 10S18; in SE 1/4, SW 1/4, section 16, T.10 S., R.25 E., MDBM.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to a paralithic contact is 60 to 100 inches. The solum is about 60 to 80 inches thick, but ranges to 100 inches. Mean annual soil temperature is 52 to 59 degrees F. The soil between depths of about 5 and 15 inches is usually dry from mid-June to mid-October and is moist the rest of the year. Rock fragments, mainly fine pebbles, make up 3 to 10 percent of the soil. Coarse and very coarse sand make up approximately 20 to 30 percent of the soil.
The A horizon has dry color of 10YR 6/3, 6/2, 5/4, 5/3, 5/2 4/2, 4/3, 3/3; 7.5YR 5/6, 5/4, 5/2, 4/4, 4/2 or 5YR 5/4; and moist color of 10YR 4/3, 3/3, 3/2, 2/2; 7.5YR 4/6, 4/4, 4/3, 4/2, 3/4 or 3/2. It contains 6 to 10 percent organic matter in the upper few inches and about 2 to 5 percent at a depth of 7 inches. This horizon is slightly acid to strongly acid. Texture is loam or sandy loam. The A to Bt horizon transition is gradual or there is an AB or BAt horizon.
The Bt horizon has dry color of 5YR 6/8, 6/6, 5/8, 5/6, 5/4, 4/6, 4/4; 7.5YR 6/3, 6/6, 6/8, 6/4, 5/6 or 5/4; and moist color of 5YR 5/8, 5/6, 5/4, 4/8, 4/6, 4/4; 7.5YR 6/6 5/8 5/6, 5/8, 4/6, 4/4 or 3/4. It is sandy clay loam or clay loam. It is moderately acid or strongly acid. Base saturation averages about 45 to 74 percent.
Lower gradational horizons, BCt or C, when present have a hue of 10YR or 7.5YR. Reaction is very strongly to moderately acid.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Musick series. Musick has hue of 2.5YR in the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Holland soils are on mountains. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. They formed in material weathered from quartz diorite or granodiorite. Elevations are 1,200 to 5,600 feet. The climate is subhumid, with warm dry summers and cool moist winters. Mean annual precipitation is 30 to 80 inches. About half of the precipitation comes as snowfall. Mean January temperature is about 42 degrees F; mean July temperature is about 72 degrees F; mean annual temperature is about 54 to 59 degrees F. Frost-free season is about 150 to 235 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chaix, Chawanakee, Shaver, and Tollhouse soils and the competing Musick soil. All these soils with the exception of Musick, lack an argillic horizon. Chaix soil is 20 to 40 inches to a paralithic contact. Chawanakee and Tollhouse soils are less than 20 inches to a paralithic contact. Shaver soil has an umbric epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to very rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for growth of commercial conifer timber. Native vegetation is open to semi-dense stands of ponderosa pine and incense cedar with some white fir, sugar pine, black or canyon live oak with an understory of bear clover and manzanita.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Sierra Nevada Range and as far south as San Diego in California. The soils are extensive. MLRA is 22.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sierra National Forest Area, Fresno County, 1912.
REMARKS: This is a new pedon description. It was sampled and analyzed by the National Soil Survey Laboratory (NSSL). This is a benchmark soil and samples are archived at the NSSL. Pedon number is S77CA-019-013. This pedon was described as near as possible to the original type location.
5/2005 CEC class changed to semiactive based on type location lab data mentioned above. Competing series updated. - SS
The activity class was added to the classification in February of 2003. Competing series were not checked at that time. - ET
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 14 inches (A1, A2, and AB horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 14 to 60 inches (BAt, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizon)