LOCATION HINDMAN            TX

HINDMAN SERIES

TYPICAL PEDON: Hindman fine sand, in broad, shallow valley, linear to slightly convex, 0.3 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of about 3,120 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 4 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grain; loose; many very fine and fine roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)

A2--4 to 13 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; few distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation lining pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)

A3--13 to 23 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; 1 mm to 1 cm thick dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) prominent clay lens at the base of horizon; few distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation lining pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (combined A horizons are 7 to 25 inches thick)

Ab--23 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine pores; slightly sodic; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)

Bwb--38 to 46 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few films of calcium carbonate; slightly sodic; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)

Bkb--46 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; many fine and medium masses of calcium carbonate, about 20 percent; violently effervescent; slightly saline; slightly sodic; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 inches thick)

2BC--60 to 77 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) fine sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable; common fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few fine calcium carbonate nodules; few very fine and fine fragments of snail shells; slightly sodic; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)

2C--77 to 90 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; massive; loose, few films of calcium carbonate; about 30 percent rounded limestone gravel; many very fine and fine fragments of snail shells; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Terry County, Texas; From the intersection of U.S. Highway 380 and Farm Road 168 about 8 miles east of Brownfield; 3.6 miles south on Farm Road 168; 300 feet east in rangeland; Latitude: 33 degrees, 07 minutes, 33 seconds N; Longitude: 102 degrees, 01 minutes, 30 seconds W; Brownfield East, Texas USGS quad; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts more than 180 but less than 205 cumulative days in normal years. July through August and November through March are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through October and April through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 60 to 65 degrees F.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 20 to 30 inches.
Depth to calcic horizon: 40 to 60 inches.
Depth to endosaturation: 60 to 80 inches from September to March.
Solum thickness: more than 80 inches.
Particle-size control section: 5 to 15 percent silicate clay.

A horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Effervescence: slight or strong
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Ab horizon:
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
SAR: 4 to 20
Effervescence: slight or strong
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Bwb horizon:
Hue: 7.5 YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
SAR: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline

Bkb horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 30 percent
Visible calcium carbonate: 5 to 40 percent as films, masses, and nodules
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
SAR: 4 to 20
Effervescence: violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

2BC horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 3 or less
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: 0 to 2 percent in the form of iron accumulation in pore linings
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
SAR: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

2C horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sand, loamy fine sand
Redoximorphic accumulations: none to common in shades of yellow, brownish yellow, or reddish yellow
Pararock fragments: 0 to 5 percent limestone gravel and few fine and medium snail shell fragments
Visible calcium carbonate: 0 to 2 percent as threads, films, or nodules.
EC (dS/cm): 2 to 16
SAR: 4 to 20
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils are the Arch, Gomez, Lenorah, Midessa, and Portales series.
Arch, Lenorah, Midessa and Portales series: have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
Levelland series: does not have a calcic horizon within 60 inches.
Gomez series: has a calcic horizon between 20 and 40 inches and does not have a water table between 60 and 80 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Parent material: sandy eolian and alluvial sediments and valley fill derived from the Blackwater Draw Formation of Pleistocene age.
Landform: broad shallow, relatively linear relict valleys and drainageways, and associated salina basins.
Slopes: 0 to 3 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 58 to 63 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 20 inches.
Frost-free period: 190 to 220
Elevation: 2,700 to 3,500 feet.
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 24 to 32.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the similar Gomez, Lenorah, and Midessa series and the Arch, Cedarlake, Drake, Portales, and Tokio, series. Arch, Gomez, Midessa, and Portales soils are on similar landscape positions and have a calcic horizon between 20 and 40 inches from the soil surface.
Cedarlake soils are on lower landscape positions and have aquic conditions.
Drake soils occurs on linear or curvilinear dunes and have 18 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
Lenorah soils are on similar or slightly lower landscape positions and have a calcic horizon within 20 to 40 inches of the soil surface.
Tokio soils are on similar landscapes and have 18 to 35 percent silicate clay in the particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Moderately rapidly permeable. Surface runoff is negligible on less than 1 percent slopes, and low on 1 to 3 percent slopes. These soils are rarely flooded for very brief periods. An apparent water table is at a depth of 60 to below 80 inches in the fall to spring months during most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for rangeland or wildlife but cotton and grain sorghum are grown in some areas. The natural plant community is a mixture of salt tolerant grasses and grass-like plants, forbs, and shrubs. The vegetation on most of the site is a shrub dominant with salt cedar, Tamarix and Baccharis being the two most prevalent species. Occasionally there will be a few willows and cottonwoods present. In open areas and in the understory there are varying amounts of alkali sacaton, Texas dropseed, creeping muhly, jointtail, sedge and rushes, inland saltgrass and occasionally some western wheatgrass. Forbs include portulaca sp., kochia, smartweed, dock and annual forbs. This soil has been correlated to the Wet Saline (077CY689TX) range site in MLRA-77.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Southern High Plains of western Texas and eastern New Mexico (sub-MLRA-77C). The series is of minor extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: MLRA-77 Soil Survey; Terry County, Texas; 1996.

REMARKS: Hindman was formerly included in the Gomez series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 23 inches. (A horizons).
Cambic horizon: 38 to 46 inches. (Bwb horizon).
Calcic horizon: 46 to 60 inches. (Bkb horizon).

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data from Terry County, Texas.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Characterization Laboratory, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas. S95TX-445-002; NSSL - S95TX-445-048 (Terry County, Texas)

Soil interpretations record: TX1325

Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998