LOCATION HAVEN NY CT MA NH PAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Haven loam - forested. (Colors are for moist soil.)
0i-- 0 to 2 inchess; slightly decomposed plant material derived from loose pine needles, leaves and twigs.
0a-- 2 to 3 inches; black (5YR 2/1) highly decomposed plant material
A-- 3 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; many fine and coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 6 to 13 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 13 to 22 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; 5 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bw horizon is 3 to 22 inches thick.)
BC-- 22 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; 20 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
2C-- 31 to 65 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) to brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) stratified gravelly sand; single grained; loose; 30 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Suffolk County, New York; town of Brookhaven, one and one-half miles north of Sunrise Highway by Gerrard Road. USGS Bellport, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees, 49 minutes, 4 seconds N. and Longitude 72 degrees, 54 minutes, 53 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum and depth to the lithologic discontinuity range from 18 to 36 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 15 percent by volume in the A and Bw horizons, from 0 to 35 percent in the BC horizon, and from 10 to 65 percent in the 2C horizon. The soil ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon is allowed to have value of 2 and chroma of 1. It is loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam. Structure is weak or moderate granular. Consistence friable or very friable. Some pedons have a thin E horizon much like the A except value is 4 to 6.
The B horizons have hues of 5YR to 2.5Y, values of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. They are loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam, except the BC horizon is sandy loam in the fine earth fraction of some pedons. Structure is weak fine or medium subangular blocky or they are massive. Consistence is very friable or friable.
The 2C horizons have hues of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, values of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. They are loamy fine sandy or coarser in the fine earth fraction. They are usually stratified.
COMPETING SERIES: The Agawam, Barnstable, Branford, and Narragansett series are members of the same family. Agawam soils typically have less than 40 percent silt in lower part of the Bw horizon. Barnstable soils formed in till overlying outwash and have subangular or angular rock fragments larger than pebble-sized throughout. Branford soils have hues redder than 7.5YR. Narrangansett do not have stratified sand and gravel in the substratum.
The Allard, Alton, Bridgehampton, Chenango, Enfield, Hartland, Hoosic, Riverhead and Tunkhannock series are similar soils in related families. Allard soils have less than 15 percent fine sand and coarse in the upper part of the solum. Alton, Chenango, and Tunkhannock soil lack contrasting textures and have more than 35 percent coarse fragments in the particle-size control section. Bridgehampton, Enfield, and Hartland soils have weakly expressed spodic horizons. Hoosic soils have sandy textures with more than 35 percent coarse fragments throughout. Riverhead soils have sandy loam or fine sandy loam B horizons with more than 50 percent fine sands and coarser.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Haven soils are nearly level to moderately sloping soils of glacial outwash plains, valley trains, terraces, and water-sorted moraine deposits. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent in gradient. The regolith consists of 18 to 36 inches of water-sorted loamy material low in gravel over stratified gravel and sand. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 degrees to 55 degrees F., mean annual precipitation from 40 to 50 inches and mean growing season from 125 to 220 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bridgehampton, Carver, Enfield, Ninigret, Plymouth, Riverhead, and Tisbury soils. Bridgehampton soils have a bisequal horizon sequence of a Bw-E-B'w. Carver and Plymouth soils are sandy. Enfield soils are coarse-silty over sandy or sandy skeletal. Ninigret and Tisbury soils are moderately well drained. Riverhead soils have less silt in the upper part.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the solum and very high in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soil has been cleared and is used for crops or is in community development. Principal crops are potatoes and other vegetables, corn, tobacco, or nursery stock. Common forest trees in woodlots include black, white, and red oaks, beech, and maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern New York and Connecticut. MLRA 149B and 144A. The soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dukes and Nantucket Counties, Massachusetts, 1925.
REMARKS: It should be noted that as a competing series, Agawam soils typically have soil temperatures that may be slightly cooler but a precise difference could not be quantified based on available data and historic use. The present separation of the Haven and Agawam series may not match historic use of the two series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 6 inches (O and A horizons)
2. Cambic horizon - the zone from 6 to 22 inches (the Bw horizon)
3. Contrasting particle size - the coarse-loamy material above contains less than 50 percent fine or coarser sand and is sandy or sandy-skeletal