LOCATION HARTWICK MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Hartwick sand - on a 1 percent slope in a forested area beneath a 1 inch layer of fresh, undecomposed needles, twigs, and grass, at an elevation of about 1250 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; black (N 2/0) sand; black (10YR 2/1) dry; mixed with 20 percent brown (7.5YR 5/2) uncoated sand grains; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
E--2 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; very weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; many fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)
Bs1--4 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sand; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; about 8 percent fine and 2 percent medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bs2--8 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) very gravelly sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; columns of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) (70 percent) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) (30 percent) moderately cemented ortstein 1 to 3 inches wide extend through this horizon; columns are 24 to 36 inches apart; ortstein occupies about 5 percent of the horizon; about 20 percent fine, 10 percent medium, and 5 percent coarse gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
BC--24 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; very friable to loose; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; about 5 percent fine and 2 percent medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
C1--30 to 39 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; few fine and medium roots; about 35 percent fine, 10 percent medium, and 5 percent coarse gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
C2--39 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; about 5 percent fine and 2 percent medium gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Crawford County, Michigan; 600 feet east and 550 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 3, T. 27 N., R. 3 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Unless otherwise stated the depths in this paragraph are measured from the top of the mineral surface. The depth to free carbonates ranges from 25 to 40 inches. Gravel content in the particle-size control section ranges from 0 to 50 percent by volume in individual horizons or strata, but averages from 10 to 35 percent. Gravel content below 40 inches averages less than 25 percent. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 3 percent throughout. Clay content is less than 10 percent throughout.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or is neutral; value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A and E horizons are sand or loamy sand or the gravelly analogues of these textures. Some pedons have an Ap horizon. Reaction of the A and E horizons ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR; value and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. The Bs2 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. The B horizons are sand, loamy sand, or gravelly or very gravelly analogues of these textures. The amount of ortstein in the Bs horizons range from 0 to 20 percent. Reaction of the Bs horizons range from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 6 to 8. It is sand, loamy sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of these textures. Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR; value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 5 to 25 percent. It is dominantly sand with thin strata of gravelly sand or very gravelly sand. Gravel content averages less than 25 percent. Reaction of the C horizon ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Deerton, Duel, East Lake, Ishpeming, Karlin, Kiva, Missiquoi, Pence, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner, and Vilas in the same family. Deerton, Duel, and Ishpeming soils are underlain by bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. East Lake soils have 25 to 70 percent coarse fragments in the at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Karlin, Rousseau, Rubicon, and Vilas soils average less than 15 percent coarse fragments within depths of 40 to 60 inches. Kiva soils contain from 10 to 18 percent clay in the upper 10 to 24 inches of the series control section. Missiquoi, Pence, and Sayner soils do not have carbonates within 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hartwick soils occur in paleo drainage channels on glacial moraines and outwash plains. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 32 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 42 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the well drained to excessively drained Blue Lake, Kalkaska, and Rubicon soils. They occur on similar or slightly higher landscape positions. The moderately well drained Croswell soils occur on lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Surface runoff is very slow or slow. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are forested. Pine plantations make up a small portion of this area. Common tree species include quaking aspen, red maple, eastern white pine, red pine, northern red oak, and sugar maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Michigan. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crawford County, Michigan, 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 4 inches (A and E horizons); albic horizon - the zone from 2 to 4 inches (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 4 to 8 inches (Bs1 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - MI0607