LOCATION HACKWOOD NV+OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hackwood silt loam--forestland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--0 inch to 1; slightly decomposed plant matter composed of aspen leaves. (0.5 to 4 inches)
A1--1 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate very fine granular; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
A2--5 to 21 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 29 inches thick)
AC--21 to 31 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and medium roots; many fine interstitial pores; 15 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2C--31 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very gravelly clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common medium roots; many fine interstitial and tubular pores; distinct silt coats lining pores; 40 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Elko County, Nevada; about 22 miles west of Jiggs near Robinson Mountain in an aspen grove on the south side of the road; 700 feet east and 2,300 feet south of the northwest corner of section 25, T. 28 N., R. 53 E.; USGS Bailey Mountain 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; 40 degrees 16 minutes 48 seconds north latitude and 115 degrees 56 minutes 58 seconds west longitude, NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Moist late fall through summer, dry September and October; additional soil moisture is supplied by lateral water movement in the lower part of the control section or substratum. This additional moisture is sporadic and dependent on snow pack. Xeric moisture regime that borders on aridic.
Mean annual soil temperature - 38 to 44 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature - 43 to 47 degrees F.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 16 to 35 inches.
Depth to very gravelly horizons - 30 to 49 inches.
Reaction - Neutral or slightly acid, decreasing with depth.
Control section - Clay content: averages 18 to 30 percent.
Rock fragments: averages 15 to 35 percent, mainly pebbles.
A horizons - Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3 dry, 1 or 2 moist.
AC horizon (when present) - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Silt loam, loam, gravelly silt loam, and gravelly loam.
Structure: Subangular blocky or massive.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard, dry; very friable or friable, moist; slightly sticky or moderately sticky and slightly plastic or moderately plastic, wet.
2C horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Gravelly clay loam, very gravelly loam, very gravelly clay loam, or very gravelly silty clay loam.
Other features: Pores are lined with faint or distinct silt coats or uncoated sand grains. Some pedons have few to common fine distinct or prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) dry and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist redox concentrations of iron. Some pedons have few manganese coats on pebbles and lining pores.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Adel,
Argee (T),
Bullbasin (T),
Duff,
Lespate,
Ohbejoyful,
Rhone,
Secondset,
Taterheap, and
Winevada series. Potential competitors in an obsolete family are the
Bullrey,
Gallatin,
Karlan,
Leavittville,
Mundos,
Pavohroo, and
Strickland series.
Adel, Ohbejoyful, and Taterheap soils have udic moisture regime. Argee and Winevada soils are moderately deep to paralithic contacts. Bullbasin and Rhone soils are deep to lithic contacts. Bullrey soils have mean summer soil temperature of 56 to 59 degrees F. and are strongly acid or moderately acid. Duff soils have mean summer soil temperature of 54 to 59 degrees F., are dry for more than 60 days, and do not have silt coats lining pores. Gallatin soils are calcareous and have ustic moisture regime. Karlan, Lespate, Secondset, and Strickland soils are moderately deep to lithic contacts. Leavittville and Mundos soils have identifiable secondary carbonates. Pavohroo soils have mean summer soil temperature of 52 to 59 degrees F. and have rock fragments of limestone in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hackwood soils are on hills and mountains. These soils formed in alluvium and colluvium derived from quartzite, conglomerate, and igneous rocks with a component of loess. Loess derived from mixed sources is also a portion of the parent material. Slopes are 2 to 80 percent. Elevations range from 6,000 to 11,000 feet. The climate is semiarid with cold, wet winters and cool, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 16 to 26 inches, mean annual temperature is 38 to 42 degrees F., and the frost-free period is 15 to 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arcia and Tusel soils. Arcia soils are fine, moderately deep to lithic contacts, have argillic horizons, and have a frigid temperature regime. Tusel soils are loamy-skeletal and have argillic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium or high surface runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Hackwood soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly a forest canopy of quaking aspen with a sparse understory of mountain brome and tall bluegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Nevada and southeastern Oregon. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRAs 23, 25, and 28B.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Eureka County Area, Nevada, 1983.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 21 inches (A1 and A2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 40 inches (AC horizon and parts of the A2 and 2C horizons).