LOCATION GILFORD IN+IA IL MI MO OH WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Gilford sandy loam, on a slope of less than 1 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 766 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--11 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 24 inches.)
Bg1--14 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.
Bg2--20 to 32 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 14 to 26 inches.)
BCg--32 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Cg1--38 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Cg2--48 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) coarse sand and sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Joseph County, Indiana; about 6 miles east and 3 miles north of South Bend; 1,900 feet west and 50 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 24, T. 38 N., R. 3 E.; U.S.G.S. South Bend East, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 43 minutes 28.9 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 7 minutes 36.0 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 572638 easting and 4619584 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 24 to 50 inches
Depth to the BCg horizon: 30 to 40 inches
Depth to carbonates: carbonates are present in at least one horizon between 40 and 55 inches
Rock fragment content: 0 to 3 percent fine gravel in the upper part of the series control section and 0 to 10 percent in the lower part
Ap or A horizon:
Hue:10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam, or their mucky analogues
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redox concentrations are usually present
Texture: fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
BCg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy sand, sand, coarse sand, or fine sand
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral above a depth of 40 inches and neutral to moderately alkaline below
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Corunna, Darfur, Dassel, Goodell, Hanska, Jubilee, Lyles, Monon, Mudgepond (T), Overshue, Toolesboro, Uniongrove, and Whitepost series. Corunna and Whitepost soils have a layer of loamy lacustrine material in the lower part of the series control section. Darfur and Overshue soils are in a climate where the mean annual temperature is less than 48 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is less than 30 inches. Dassel soils have textural stratification in the cambic horizon and are in a climate where the mean annual precipitation is less than 30 inches. Goodell and Mudgepond soils have a layer in the lower part of the series control section that has less than 70 percent sand. Hanska soils are in MLRAs 103 and 104 and are dry for more than 30 cumulative days in all parts of the soil moisture control section in at least 6 out of 10 years. Jubilee soils have a high mica content, are at elevations above 1,530 feet, and are in a climate where the mean annual precipitation is less than 30 inches. Lyles soils are greater than 40 inches to the underlying sands and loamy sands and are in a climate where the mean annual temperature is typically more than 53 degrees F. Monon and Toolesboro soils do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Uniongrove soils have a cambic horizon that has its base at depths greater than 50 inches and have an accumulation of secondary carbonates in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gilford soils formed in loamy over sandy sediments and are commonly in broad closed depressions on outwash plains and on flood-plain steps. Slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 210 days, and elevation ranges from 340 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brady, Branch, Bronson, Granby, Maumee, Morocco, Mussey, Ormas, and Oshtemo soils. The well drained Boyer, Ormas, and Oshtemo soils are on summits and swells of outwash plains or on backslopes of dissected outwash plains. The moderately well drained Branch and Bronson soils are on summits and swells of outwash plains. The somewhat poorly drained Brady and Morocco soils are on nearly level outwash plains. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Granby, Maumee, and Mussey soils are on outwash plains adjacent to the Gilford soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained or very poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part and rapid in the lower part of the series control section. In drained areas, the depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 feet above the surface to 1 foot below the surface from December to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are used for growing corn, soybeans, wheat, and oats. A few areas are forested. Native vegetation is dominantly herbaceous wetland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA's 98, 99, and 110, and to a lesser extent in 95B, 97, 108, 111, and 115 in northern Indiana, Michigan, northwestern Ohio, southeastern Wisconsin, southeastern Iowa, northeastern Missouri, and northern and central Illinois. The soils are of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tuscola County, Michigan, 1926.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to 14 inches (Ap, A)
Cambic horizon: from 14 to 32 inches (Bg1, Bg2)
Aquic conditions: matrix color with chroma of 1 below the mollic epipedon
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124268 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124269 represents a mucky surface phase.
A gravelly, bedrock, loamy, and noncalcareous substratum phases are recognized, and may become new series when the subset soil surveys with these phases are updated. Also, a flooded phase and an undrained phase are recognized. The Monon was developed for the bedrock substratum phase. The Goodell series was developed for the loamy substratum phase. The Whitepost series was developed for the lacustrine substratum phase.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data for the typical pedon (S01IN-141-004) is available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T98IN-141-001) for the typical pedon is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 100 percent Gilford soils.