LOCATION FITCHVILLE OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Fitchville silt loam, on a convex, 2 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 975 feet above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap-- 0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smoooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick.)
BE-- 7 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine pores; many prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; many fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick.)
Bt1-- 10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; prominent gray (5Y 5/1) coatings on faces of peds; many medium prominent gray (5Y 5/1) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2-- 18 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds and in pores; continuous gray (5Y 5/1) coatings on faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (5Y 5/1) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; few black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese oxide accumulations in ped interiors; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 12 to 42 inches.)
BCt-- 29 to 40 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure with thin horizontal bedding planes; friable; very few faint clay films on vertical faces of peds and in pores; common gray (5Y 5/1) clay depletions on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (5Y 5/1) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick.)
C--40 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; massive, stratification of thick horizontal bedding planes; friable; common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Summit County, Ohio; Twinsburg Township, about 0.75 mile northeast of Twinsburg, 1600 feet west of State Route 91 and 600 feet east of Tinkers Creek along East Ohio Gas Company pipeline right-of-way, T. 5 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Twinsburg, Ohio topographic quadrangle; Latitude 41 degrees, 19 minutes, 34 seconds N. and Longitude 81 degrees, 26 minutes, 47 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 30 to 70 inches. Most pedons lack rock fragments, but the C horizon can have up to 5 percent. Some pedons have carbonates within a depth of 30 inches. Bedding plane stratification or lamination is evident within the series control section.
The Ap horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 (6 or more dry), and chroma of 2 or 3. Some pedons have A horizons 1 to 4 inches thick with value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 or 2. Structure is weak or moderate, fine to coarse, granular. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid. Areas that have been limed range to neutral.
E horizons, where present, are 3 to 8 inches thick, and have hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6 (7 or 8 dry), and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The BE horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak, fine to coarse, subangular blocky. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid. Some pedons have E/B or B/E horizons rather than a BE horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Some pedons have thin subhorizons of loam or clay loam, or thin lenses of fine sandy loam. Average clay content ranges from 20 to 35 percent. Structure is weak to strong, subangular or angular blocky. Some pedons have weak or moderate, medium or coarse, prismatic structure, parting to subangular blocky or platy in some pedons. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid. Some pedons have a thin, very firm, slightly brittle layer in the lower part of the Bt horizon that is not sufficient to meet the requirements for a fragipan horizon.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is silt loam or silt clay loam. Some pedons have thin strata of loam, fine sandy loam, clay loam or silty clay, or lenses of very fine and fine sand. Sand content averages 7 to 15 percent. Structure is weak, medium to very coarse, subangular blocky, angular blocky or prismatic; weak or moderate, thin to thick, platy. Rock fragments are commonly absent, but some pedons have up to 3 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is commonly laminated or stratified silt loam or silty clay loam. Sand content averages 7 to 15 percent. Some pedons have thin strata of loam, fine sandy loam, clay loam or silty clay, or lenses of very fine and fine sand within the series control section. Below the series control section may be textures of loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aptakisic, Caseyville, Creal, Gavers(T), Iva, Kendall, Starks, Stronghurst, Waynetown, and Yeddo series. Aptakisic soils have more sand in the lower part of the series control section. Caseyville soils formed in loess and contain less than 7 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Creal soils are more than 24 inches to the top of the argillic horizon. Gavers(T) soils have more coarse fragment in the lower part of the series control section. Iva soils have a higher mean annual temperature. Kendall soils average more than 15 percent sand at least one subhorizon within a depth of 60 inches. Starks soils average 15 to 55 percent sand in the lower part of the subsoil. Stronghurst soils lack stratification or lamination within the series control section. Waynetown soils have gravel content greater than 15 percent in the lower solum and substratum. Yeddo soils formed in loess more than 60 inches thick and the sand content is less than 10 percent throughout the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fitchville soils formed in stratified Wisconsinan age glaciolacustrine sediments that are derived mainly from materials high in sandstone and shale and are on summits and shoulders on lake plains and are on treads on terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 45 inches, and the mean annual temperature ranges from 47 to 54 degrees F. The frost free period is 133 to 167 days, and elevation ranges from 720 to 1,200 feet above msl.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Thesse are the Canadice, Caneadea Damascus, Glenford, Jimtown, Luray, Mentor and Sebring soils. The well drained Mentor soils, moderately well drained Glenford soils, poorly drained Sebring soils and the very poorly drained Luray soils are in a toposequence with Fitchville soils. The Mentor and Glenford soils are on higher landscape positions. The Sebring and Luray soils are in shallow, wet depressions. The nearby Jimtown and Damascus soils formed in loamy outwash deposits and the nearby Caneadea and Canadice soils formed in clayey lacustrine sediments.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high. Permeability is moderate in the surface, moderately slow in the subsoil and moderate or moderately slow in the substratum. Depth to the top of an intermittent apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 foot from November to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Fitchville soils have been cleared. Some of the cleared areas are used for permanent pasture, but most are used for cultivated crops with corn, oats, wheat, soybeans, and mixed hay. Some areas are still wooded. Sugar maple, beech, red oak, pin oak, elm, and hickory are the main tree species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern, north central, southeastern and southwestern Ohio and in northwestern Pennsylvania. MLRA's 111, 114, 124, 126, 139, and 140. The series is of large extent with about 178,000 acres.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Huron County, Ohio, 1948.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 10 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
2. Argillic horizon - from a depth of 10 to 29 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
3. Aquic conditions - from a depth of 7 to 80 inches.
Till substratum phases and clayey lacustrine substratum phases recognized at a depth of 40 to 60 inches were mapped in some earlier surveys. These phases do not meet current criteria for substratum phases, and will be evaluated for correlation as new series in future investigations.
Fitchville soils mapped on 6 to 12 percent slopes could possibly be re-correlated to the moderately well drained Glenford soil in future evaluations.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available for the following pedons in Ohio: AB-51, CA-35, LK-19, LR-35, MD-21, MH-44, SA-32, SK-9, and TU-12; analysis by the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio.