LOCATION FILLMORE NEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Argialbolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Fillmore silt loam on a less than 1 percent concave slope in native rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 23 centimeters (0 to 9 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (18 to 43 centimeters) 7 to 17 inches thick)
E--23 to 33 centimeters (9 to 13 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) moist; weak medium platy structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, friable; slightly acid; few hard 1 to 2 mm (ferro-manganese) pellets; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 31 centimeters) 3 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--33 to 61 centimeters (13 to 24 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; strong coarse and medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; shiny faces on most peds; many hard 1 to 2 mm (ferro-manganese) pellets; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--61 to 81 centimeters (24 to 32 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong coarse and medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; shiny faces on most peds; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is (38 to 127 centimeters) 15 to 50 inches.)
BC--81 to 112 centimeters (32 to 44 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (13 to 38 centimeters) 5 to 15 inches thick)
C--112 to 152 centimeters (44 to 60 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Clay County, Nebraska; 2 miles south of Clay Center; 2390 feet west and 275 feet north of the southeast corner, sec. 12, T. 6 N., R. 7 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Saturated to the surface November to March. April through July intermittently dry in surface layer, but near saturation in lower soil horizons. Driest in August through October.
Depth to secondary carbonates: 76 centimeters (30 inches) to more than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Depth to redoximorphic features: Indicators are generally present in the soil, but masked by the very dark color of the organic matter. Common, fine, distinct (10YR 4/4) oxidized zones exist around root channels in the upper Bt horizon. Few to common, fine to coarse, black (10YR 2/1) round (shot-like), hard, Iron/Manganese concretions or nodules, will also be present in the Bt horizon. Grayish depletions within the maxtix of peds do occur and a sometimes visible in the lower B horizon directly below the dark organic colors.
Depth to episaturation: 15 centimeters (6 inches) above the surface to about 61 centimeters (24 inches) below the surface.
Mollic epipedon: about 81 centimeters (32 inches), but may extend to the base of the B horizons
Solum thickness: 76 centimeters (30 inches) to more than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Textures: silt loam but include silty clay loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
E horizon:
Hue of 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 1
Texture: Silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
Comment: In farmed areas, the E horizon has generally been destroyed by tillage machinery. Bt and surface horizon material is mixed with this E horizon.
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 5Y, 2.5Y, or N
Value: 3 to 6 dry, 2 to 5 moist
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: silty clay or clay
Clay Content: 45 to 55 percent, but the complete range is 40 to 55 percent.
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y dry,
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 2 to 5 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay loam
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam, or silty clay loam
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Barbert,
Crestmeade,
Edina,
Filbert,
Massie,
Scott,
Sturges and
Triplett soils.
Barbert soils have temperature at a depth of 20 inches that average 45 to 50 degrees F and formed in lacustrine sediments.
Crestmeade, Triplett and Sturges soils are in a warmer and wetter climate and do not pond water on the surface.
Triplett soils have more than 10% sand in the lower part of the particle size control section.
Edina soils have a thinner solum and are more acid in the lower part of the solum.
Filbert soils are dry in all parts of the soil moisture control section for 80 out of the 120 days following the summer solstice in 2 years out of 10.
Massie soils are saturated in the soil moisture control section and pond water for more than 45 consecutive days during the growing season.
Scott soils are saturated in the soil moisture control section for more than 30 consecutive days during the growing season and pond water from 7 to about 45 consecutive days. They have an A horizon less than 7 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loess
Landform: uplands and stream terraces
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean annual temperature: 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 56 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 51 to 89 centimeters (20 to 35 inches)
Terrace phases are recognized that have sand or coarse textured material below the loess cap at a depth of 3 to 10 meters (10 to 30 ft.).
A poorly drained, ponded phase is also recognized that has interpretations similiar to the Scott series.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Belfore,
Butler,
Crete,
Hastings,
Holder,
Holdrege,
Massie,
Scott and
Tomek soils.
Butler soils are on higher flat or slightly concave positions in the landscape. Massie and Scott soils occur in closed depressions and are ponded for long or very long duration.
Belfore soils lack an albic horizon, contain less clay, and do not occur in depressions.
Crete, Hastings, Holder, Holdrege and Tomek soils lack an albic horizon. Hastings, Holder, Holdrege and Tomek soils contain less clay in the argillic horizon and do not occur in depressions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff: very low or ponded
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: Very low
Flooding: ponds water for brief durations during the growing season that ranges from .5 foot above the surface to about 2.0 feet below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated.
The main crops are corn, sorghum, and wheat.
The native vegetation is short and mid-prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and eastern Nebraska and possibly in northern Kansas. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Adams County, Nebraska, 1923.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 81 centimeters (0 to 32 inches) (A, E, Bt1, Bt2 horizons)
Albic horizon: The zone from 23 to 33 centimeters (9 to 13 inches) (E horizon) Argillic horizon:--The zone from 33 to 81 centimeters (13 to 32 inches) (Bt1, Bt2 horizons).
Linear Extensibility: Exceeds 6.0 between 0 and 100 cm.
Classification changed to agree with Filbert, Massie and Scott.
OSD Modification 6/2002RRZ
Dark shot as described the E horizons of Fillmore soil is questionable as a natural occurring event. This observation is probably due to tillage or drainage operations, which have destroyed or mixed some of the E horizon with Bt material containing the (shot-like) material. Possibly some freeze/thaw activities could move the concretions into the contact zone of the lower Bt horizon. The silty clay loam surface layer is due to farming or landscaping activities. Under natural conditions the surface layer is silt loam. Added redox information; added Sturges to competing series.
10/17/05 JCR
Changed format to semi-tab. Changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity