LOCATION FARNUM KS OKEstablished Series
The Farnum series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium. Farnum soils are on paleo-terraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 71 centimeters (28 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 14 degrees C (57 degrees F) at the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Farnum loam, on a east facing, convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 503 meters (1650 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 13 centimeters (0 to 5 inches); brown (10YR 4/3), interior, loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3), interior, moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 13 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--13 to 38 centimeters (5 to 15 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 16 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 25 centimeters (4 to 10 inches) thick)
Bt1--38 to 53 centimeters (15 to 21 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 22 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--53 to 86 centimeters (21 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 28 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--86 to 123 centimeters (34 to 48 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 32 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--123 to 155 centimeters (48 to 61 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 30 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt5--155 to 185 centimeters (61 to 68 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 30 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btk--185 to 203 centimeters (68 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 27 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular carbonate threads throughout; slightly effervescent in root channels and or pores (HCl, 1 normal); slightly alkaline. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons range from 36 to 165 centimeters (14 to 65 inches) thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; about 4.8 kilometers (3 miles) southwest of Nickerson; located about 427 meters (1400 feet) east and 30 meters (100 feet) north of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 22 S., R. 08 W; (Sterling USGS quad; lat. 38 degrees 7 minutes 49.3 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 9 minutes 19.9 seconds W.,)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (56 to 58 degrees F).
Particle-size control section: 20 to 34 percent clay
Depth to bedrock: greater than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 91 to 152+ centimeters (36 to 60+ inches)
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5, 2 to 3 (moist)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6, 3 to 5 (moist)
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Albinas,
Bluewater,
Funmar,
Garrett,
Haxtun,
Jarita,
Keya,
Ownyate,
Prosper,
Renner,
Sampson,
Tracylee,
Vosburg and
Wetterdon soils.
Albinas and Wetterdon soils have cooler mean annual soil temperatures and less precipitation.
Bluewater are somewhat poorly drained.
Funmar soils have a palesol between 76 to 152 centimeters (30 to 60 inches).
Garrett soils have hue of 5YR or redder.
Haxtun soils have buried soil horizons within depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches).
Jarita soils have bedrock above depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches).
Keya soils have less rain fall and are cooler temperatures.
Ownyate are formed in alluvium derived from granite, gneiss and schist.
Prosper soils have redoxomorphic features within 1 meter of the surface
Renner soils also have iron and manganese concretions within 1 meter (39 inches) of the soil surface.
Sampson soils are influenced by arkosic sands.
Tracylee and Vosburg soils are mostly dry in the moisture control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium
Landform: paleo-terraces
Slopes: 0 to 6 percent
Elevation: 472.4 to 536.4 meters (1550 to 1760 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (56 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 71 to 79 centimeters (28 to 31 inches)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Attica,
Hayes ,
Naron,
Pratt,
Saltcreek ,
Shellabarger, and
Taver series.
Attica, Hayes, and Pratt are higher on the same landscape and are coarse-loamy and sandy, Hayes contains a buried soil.
Saltcreek have a buried soil 76 to 152 centimeters (30 and 60 inches).
Naron is located higher on the landform and contains less clay in the argillic horizon.
Shellabarger is located on the same landscape and contains up to 15 percent gravels.
Taver is lower on the landscape and has a fine texture in the control section.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained
Runoff: low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated.
The major crops are winter wheat and grain sorghum.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. (LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains) This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Geary County, Kansas. 1957
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 53 centimeters (0 to 21 inches) (Ap, A, Bt1)
Argillic horizon: 38 to 203 centimeters (15 to 80 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, Btk)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA: For additional information, refer to Soil Survey Investigation Report No.4, pages 22 to 25.
Updated the osd to reflect MLRA 79 climate- changed taxonomy to mesic.
Modified format by LRM in 10/2005 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.