LOCATION EVADALE            TX

EVADALE SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Evadale silt loam in an area of Evadale-Gist complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes in forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent crawfish bioturbation; 8 percent fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) redox depletions with diffuse boundaries in matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 13 cm [2 to 5 inches] thick)

Eg--8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and few medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 10 percent crawfish bioturbation; 3 percent fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) clean sand grains in filled krotovinas; 2 percent medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of silt loam in krotovinas; 5 percent fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations with diffuse boundaries along root channels; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (8 to 25 cm [3 to 10 inches] thick)

Eg/Btg--15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E)and 40 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots on ped surfaces; common fine tubular pores; 10 percent crawfish bioturbation; 5 percent fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) clean sand grains in filled krotovinas; 5 percent medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of silt loam in krotovinas; 2 percent fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations with clear boundaries along ped surfaces; 8 percent fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations with clear boundaries along root channels; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm [0 to 8 inches] thick)

Btg/Eg1--25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam (Bt)and 20 percent, 1 to 3 inches wide, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; common fine tubular pores; 10 percent crawfish bioturbation; 2 percent fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) clean sand grains in filled krotovinas; 8 percent medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of silt loam in krotovinas; 12 percent fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations with diffuse boundaries on surfaces of peds; 3 percent fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries in ped interiors; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg/Eg2--51 to 61 cm (20 to 24 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam (Bt) and 20 percent, 1/2 to 2 inch wide, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E); weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 10 percent crawfish bioturbation; 2 percent fine faint light gray (10YR 7/2) clean sand grains in filled krotovinas; 8 percent medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) masses of silt loam in krotovinas; 10 percent fine and medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations with diffuse boundaries on surfaces of peds; 5 percent fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), and 2 percent fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries in ped interiors; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 51 cm [4 to 20 inches] thick)

Btg1--61 to 81 cm (24 to 32 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent crawfish bioturbation; 10 percent fine to coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries and 8 percent fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron accumulations with clear boundaries in ped interiors; few 5 mm to 1 cm wide, interfingering of light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam E material along ped surfaces; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2--81 to 107 cm (32 to 42 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent crawfish bioturbation; 12 percent fine to coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), 10 percent fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 5 percent fine and medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries in ped interiors; 15 percent medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and 1 percent fine prominent greenish gray (5GY 5/1) iron depletions with clear boundaries along live root channels; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg3--107 to 152 cm (42 to 60 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent crawfish bioturbation; 15 percent fine to coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), and 10 percent fine to coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries in ped interiors; 5 percent fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions with clear boundaries along ped surfaces; 1 percent fine prominent greenish gray (5G 5/1) iron depletions with clear boundaries along live root channels; few thin discontinuous gray (2.5Y 5/1) coatings on ped surfaces; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg4--152 to 175 cm (60 to 69 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 5 percent crawfish bioturbation; 12 percent fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron accumulations with sharp boundaries in ped interiors; 1 percent fine prominent greenish gray (5G 5/1) iron depletions with clear boundaries along live root channels; 1 to 3 percent crystalline gypsum, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, on ped surfaces; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg5--175 to 203 (69 to 80 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)and 40 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots on ped surfaces; few fine tubular pores; 2 percent crawfish bioturbation; 8 percent fine and medium yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron accumulations; 1 to 2 percent crystalline gypsum, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, on ped surfaces; strongly acid. (combined thickness of the Btg subhorizons is 76 to 152 cm [30 to 60 inches])

TYPE LOCATION: Jasper County, Texas; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 96 and Farm Road 2246 in Evadale; about 1 mile east on Farm Road 2246 to the intersection of Farm Road 2246 and Farm Road 1131; 1.9 mile northeast on county road (about 0.15 mile east of Ten Mile Creek) and 360 feet north into forest. Evadale USGS quad ; Latitude: 30 degrees , 21 minutes, 53 seconds N; Longitude 94 degrees , 02 minutes, 01 seconds W); NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil Moisture: An aquic soil moisture regime.

Mean annual soil temperature: 20.0 to 21.7 degrees C (68 to 71 degrees F)
Depth to argillic horizon: 20 to 58 cm (8 to 23 inches)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
CEC/clay ratio: 0.40 to 0.60

A horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 12 percent
Crawfish bioturbation: 2 to 10 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 2
Reaction: 3.5 to 5.0

Eg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, silt loam, very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 12 percent
Crawfish bioturbation: 2 to 10 percent
Iron accumulations: amount 3 to 12 percent, size-fine and medium, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse or clear, location-surfaces of peds or lining pores, color-shades of brown and yellow
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 2
Reaction: 3.5 to 5.0

Eg/Btg horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam or silt loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Crawfish bioturbation: 5 to 25 percent
Iron accumulations: amount-5 to 20 percent, size-fine and medium, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to sharp, location-surfaces of peds or lining pores, color-shades of brown, yellow, or red
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 4
Reaction: 3.5 to 5.0

Btg/Eg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 25 to 40 percent
Crawfish bioturbation: 5 to 25 percent
Iron accumulations: amount -8 to 25 percent, size-fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-diffuse to sharp, location-throughout, color-shades of brown, yellow, or red
Sodium adsorption ratio: 2 to 8
Reaction: 3.5 to 5.5

2Btg horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, clay, or silty clay
Clay content: 30 to 45 percent
Crawfish bioturbation: 5 to 15 percent
Iron accumulations: amount-5 to 35 percent, size- fine to coarse, contrast-faint to prominent, boundary-clear or sharp, location-throughout, color-shades of brown, yellow, or red
Gypsum crystals: 0 to 2 percent
Barite masses: 0 to 2 percent
Sodium adsorption ratio: 4 to 16
Reaction: 4.5 to 6.0

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alikchi, Caddo, Caneyhead, Guyton and Kinder series in the same family. Similar soils include the Camptown, Nona, and Plank series.
Alikchi soils: have a paralithic contact with fractured shale between 51 to 102 cm (20 and 40 inches)
Caddo soils: have plinthite and are poorly drained
Caneyhead soils: are very poorly drained and have a glossic horizon extending to 203 cm (80 inches)
Camptown, Nona and Plank soils: are Natric Vermaqualfs
Guyton soils: do not have red iron accumulations and are very poorly drained
Kinder soils: have ESP less than 5 and are less acid with depth

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine deposits of Late Pleistocene age
Landform: flats on the coastal plain
Slope: 0 to 1 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 19.5 to 20.6 degrees C (67 to 69 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1219 to 1524 mm (48 to 60 inches)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is generally uniform throughout the year with slight peaks in the spring and fall. Summer moisture deficit ranges from 25 to 100 mm (1 to 4 inches).
Frost-free period: 240 to 270 days
Elevation: 3.0 to 22.9 m (10 to 75 feet)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 78 to 82

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Batson, Camptown, Gist, and Texla series.
Batson soils: are moderately well drained and are on old meander scar ridges.
Camptown soils: are very poorly drained and are on lower depressional landscapes.
Gist soils: are moderately well drained and are mounds in complex with the Evadale soils
Texla soils: are somewhat poorly drained and are mounds in complex with the Evadale soils or as a convex ridge consociation

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is low to negligible. The soil is saturated during the cool season and has aquic conditions in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for timber and native pasture. Most forested areas are a mix of pine and hardwoods, mainly loblolly pine, water oak, and sweetgum. The understory vegetation is mainly pinehill bluestem, longleaf uniola, spreading panicum, brownseed paspalum, splitbeard bluestem, greenbrier, Carolina jessamine, and southern bayberry. A few areas have been cleared and used for improved pastures of bahiagrass and bermudagrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Texas mainly east of the Trinity River and possibly southwestern Louisiana; LRR T; Western Gulf Coast Flatwoods (MLRA 152B); Large extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jasper County, Texas, 1980.

REMARKS: The Evadale series was formerly included with the Wrightsville series. A former ponded phase of the Evadale series is now included with the Camptown series. The classification was changed from a fine family to fine-silty family during the correlation of the MLRA 152B update. Data from the Texas A&M University Soil Characterization laboratory at the type location and data from other pedons show the particle-size control section to be dominantly fine-silty.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Particle size control section: 25 to 75 cm (10 to 30inches). (Btg/Eg, Btg/Eg1 and Btg/Eg2 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) (A and Eg horizons)
Glossic horizon: 15 to 61 cm (6 to 24 inches) (Eg/Btg, Btg/Eg and Btg/Eg1 horizons)
Argillic horizon: 25 to 203 cm (10 to 80 inches) (Btg/Eg1, Btg/Eg2 and the Btg horizons)

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data number S94TX-241-001 from the type location in Jasper County, Texas.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data from the Texas A&M University Soil Characterization laboratory from the series type location in Jasper County (S94TX-4241-001), a representative pedon in Newton County, Texas (S00TX-351-003), and from Hardin County, Texas (S96TX199-005).

TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006