LOCATION EAST LAKE MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: East Lake sand on a 1 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 centimeters (0 to 1 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sand, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 1 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 13 centimeters (0 to 5 inches) thick]
E--2 to 10 centimeters (1 to 4 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 1 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [2 to 15 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) thick]
Bs1--10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium, and few coarse roots; 10 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8 and 4/6) weakly cemented ortstein occurring as columns 5 to 8 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) wide extending into the BC horizon; about 1 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bs2--20 to 46 centimeters (8 to 18 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; 10 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8 and 4/6) weakly cemented ortstein occurring as columns 5 to 8 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) wide; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bs3--46 to 53 centimeters (18 to 21 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; 5 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) weakly cemented ortstein occurring as columns 5 to 8 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) wide; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [The combined thickness of the Bs horizons ranges from 23 to 61 centimeters (9 to 24 inches).
BC--53 to 79 centimeters (21 to 31 inches); brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 2 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) thick]
2C--79 to 203 centimeters (31 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) stratified very gravelly coarse sand and coarse sand; single grain; loose; 36 percent fine and medium gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Otsego County, Michigan; 2,260 feet north and 400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 9, T. 29 N., R. 2 W., south part Chester Township; USGS Turtle Lake Michigan 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 55 minutes 14.12 seconds N., and long. 84 degrees 33 minutes 53.51 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) and corresponds to the depth of free carbonates. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 20 percent by volume in the solum and 25 to 60 percent in the substratum. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Clay content of the entire series control section is less than 10 percent.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or is neutral; value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Cultivated areas have an Ap horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2. The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A and E horizons are sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures. Reaction of the A and E horizon is strongly acid or moderately acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. It is sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand or gravelly analogues of these textures. Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid.
The Bs2 and Bs3 horizons have hue of 7.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. The Bs horizons are sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand or gravelly analogues of these textures. Reaction of the Bs horizons ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Textures of the BC horizon are the same as those in the Bs horizons. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a 2BC horizon. Some pedons have a thin (less than one tenth the thckness of the overlying horizons) beta B horizon at the contact of the carbonates.
The 2C horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is stratified very gravelly sand, gravelly sand, extremely gravelly sand, coarse sand, or sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Duel, Hartwick (T), Ishpeming, Karlin, Kiva, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner, and Sultz series. Duel and Ishpeming soils are underlain by bedrock at a depth of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches). Hartwick soils contain less than 25 percent gravel below 102 centimeters (40 inches). Karlin, Rousseau, and Rubicon, soils have less than 15 percent gravel in the series control section. Sayner soils do not have carbonates within the control section. Sultz soils are underlain with stratified materials.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The East Lake soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, lake terraces, lake basins, deltas, eskers, and beach ridges. Slopes range from 0 to about 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 690 to 810 millimeters (27 to 32 inches), and the mean annual temperature ranges from 5.5 to 7.2 degrees C (42 to 45 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the excessively drained to well drained Alpena, Eastport, Kalkaska, Kiva, Mancelona, and Rubicon soils. They occur on similar landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Au Gres and Gladwin soils and the poorly drained Epoufette, Roscommon, and Wheatley soils are wetter associates. They occur on lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Surface runoff is negligible to medium depending on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: A small part is used for growing hay, oats, and potatoes. The remainder is in permanent pasture or forest, or is idle. Common tree species are quaking aspen, jack pine, northern red oak, paper birch, red pine, and red maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Michigan. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana (Changed because the majority of acreage is in MLRA 94A)
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grand Traverse County, Michigan, 1963.
REMARKS: For laboratory data on representative pedon refer to Michigan Technological University S80MI-113-5 (80P 41- 47).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches) (A and E horizons); albic horizon - the zone from 2 to 10 centimeters (1 to 4 inches) (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 10 to 53 centimeters (4 to 21 inches) (Bs1 horizon).
The type location was moved to a more representative site and described to 203 centimeters (80 inches).