LOCATION DURHAM NC+AL GA SC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Durham loamy sand--cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
BA1--8 to 13 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; strongly acid; clear
smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
BA2--13 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; friable, slightly brittle; strongly
acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--16 to 25 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable,
slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin continuous clay films; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 10 inches thick)
Bt2--25 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) heavy sandy clay loam, few fine and medium distinct (7.5YR 5/6) strong brown
and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin continuous clay films; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
(10 to 14 inches thick)
Bt3--36 to 42 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), strong brown (7.6YR 5/8), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; thin patchy clay films on vertical faces
of peds; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
BC--42 to 48 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),
strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine flakes of mica; few bodies of sandy loam; strongly acid; gradual
wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
C--48 to 60 inches; mottled yellow, yellowish red, and pale brown saprolite that crushes to sandy loam; rock structure;
friable; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Wake County, North Carolina; five miles south of Rolesville, North Carolina, on county road 2227, 1/4 mile east of Bethany Baptist Church at junction of county road 1003; 50 feet
north of road in cultivated field.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the loamy horizons
over saprolite range from 40 to more than 60 inches below the surface. Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Coarse fragments range from 0 to 5 percent throughout. The soil is strongly acid
or very strongly acid except where the surface has been limed.
The A or Ap horizons have hues of 7.5YR, 10YR, and 2.5Y, value of
4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3.
The BA horizon as hue of 10YR and 2.5Y, value of 6 to 8, chroma of
1 to 4. The A horizon is loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sandy
loam, or fine sandy loam.
Where present, BA and BE horizons of sandy loam are pale brown, brownish yellow, brown, or light yellowish brown.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8,
and chroma of 4 to 8. It has few to common reddish, brownish, or yellowish mottles. Mottles in chroma of 2 or less are below the upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon. It is sandy clay loam or clay loam. Some pedons have lower Bt horizon of sandy clay, but the textural control section averages less than 35 percent clay.
The BC horizon is similar in color to the Bt horizon except where
the mottles are more contrasting. It is sandy loam, sandy clay
loam, or clay loam. The B3 horizon contains weatherable minerals such as mica and feldspar.
The C horizon is mottled or varicolored saprolite of acid
crystalline rock. It is sandy loam or loamy sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Apison,
Cahaba,
Cowarts,
Emporia,
Euharlee,
Granville,
Hartsells,
Kempsville,
Linker,
Marvyn,
Nauvoo,
Nectar,
Pirum,
Spadra, and
Suffolk series. Apison, Hartsells, Linker, and Pirum soils have bedrock at depths less
than 40 inches. Cahaba, Nauvoo, and Nectar soils have redder hue. Cowarts, Emporia, Kempsville, Marvyn, Spadra, and Suffolk soils
lack weatherable minerals in the lower solum and have C horizons
of Coastal Plain or old alluvial sediments. Euharlee soils
contain more silt. Granville soils are higher in exchangeable aluminum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Durham soils are on nearly level to sloping Piedmont uplands. Slopes are commonly 2 to 5 percent and range
from 0 to 10 percent. Durham soils formed in residuum weathered
from acid crystalline rocks, chiefly granite and gneiss. Mean
annual precipitation is about 47 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 60 degrees F. near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Appling,
Cecil,
Helena,
Louisburg,
Pacolet,
Vance,
Wedowee, and
Worsham series. Appling, Cecil, Helena, Pacolet, Vance, Wedowee, and Worsham soils contain more clay and Louisburg soils contain less clay. Helena
and Worsham soils have mottles with chroma 2 or less in the upper
20 inches of the control section and occupy lower positions on the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderate permeability in upper subsoil and moderately slow permeability in lower subsoil.
USE AND VEGETATION: About two thirds of the total acreage is in cultivation or pasture. The remainder is in mixed hardwood and
pine. Common crops grown are corn, soybeans, tobaco, cotton,
small grain, and vegetables. Native tree species include loblolly pine, short leaf pine, Viginia pine, sweetgum, whiteoak, red oak, post oak, hickory, and yellow-poplar. Understory species include flowering dogwood, persimmon, sourwood, red maple, eastern redbud, eastern redcedar, and common sassafras
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Piedmont of North Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Raleigh to New Bern Area, North Carolina,
1900.
REMARKS: Durham soils were formerly placed in the Red-Yellow Podzolic great soil group. They ranged in texture of the B
horizon from moderately-fine to fine, and in drainage from well drained to moderately well drained. This revision restricts the texture of the argillic horizon to fine-loamy and the drainage
class to well drained.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0070 DURHAM 0- 10 58- 65 185-240 40- 60 350- 600 NC0123 DURHAM 0- 10 58- 65 185-240 40- 60 350- 600SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0070 NONE 6.0-6.0 - 60-60 NC0123 NONE 4.0-6.0 PERCHED DEC-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0070 0-16 LCOS LS 0- 3 90-100 2-10 1- 3 NC0070 0-16 SL FSL 0- 3 90-100 5-20 1- 4 NC0070 16-36 SCL CL 0- 3 90-100 18-35 2- 4 NC0070 36-42 CL SC SCL 0- 3 90-100 25-45 3- 5 NC0070 42-48 SCL SL 0- 3 90-100 8-30 1- 4 NC0070 48-60 LS SL SCL 0- 3 85-100 5-20 1- 3 NC0123 0-16 LCOS LS 0- 3 90-100 2-10 1- 3 NC0123 0-16 SL FSL 0- 3 90-100 5-20 1- 4 NC0123 16-36 SCL CL 0- 3 90-100 18-35 2- 4 NC0123 36-42 CL SC 0- 3 90-100 25-45 3- 5 NC0123 42-48 SCL SL 0- 3 90-100 8-30 1- 4 NC0123 48-60 LS SL SCL 0- 3 85-100 5-20 1- 3
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0070 0-16 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0070 0-16 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0070 16-36 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0070 36-42 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 LOW NC0070 42-48 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0070 48-60 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0123 0-16 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0123 0-16 4.5- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0123 16-36 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0123 36-42 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 LOW NC0123 42-48 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0123 48-60 4.5- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW