LOCATION DRUMMOND OK+KSEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Mollic Natrustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Drummond loam--rangeland.
(Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; common fine roots and pores; the upper l/2 inch is vesicular and crusted; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
Btn--8 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak medium columnar structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots and pores; continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine white crystals occur below a depth of 15 inches; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick)
BC--22 to 30 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; few fine distinct strong brown redox concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure; very hard, very firm; few fine pores; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; calcareous; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 20 inches thick)
C--30 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; massive; hard, friable; thin strata of sandy loam through clay; calcareous; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Garfield County, Oklahoma; three miles northwest of Drummond; 200 feet south and 50 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 21 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 20 to 60 inches.
The A1 or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline. Exchangeable sodium percent ranges from 0 to 15. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract of the A horizon ranges from less than 1 to 16 mmhos/cm. Some pedons have an E horizon up to 4 inches thick. Where present it is similar to the A1 or Ap horizon in texture and reaction. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 2 to 4.
The Btn horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is silty clay loam, clay loam, or clay with the clay content ranging from 35 to 60 percent. Reaction ranges from neutral through strongly alkaline. Exchangeable sodium percentage generally ranges from 15 to 25 but may range to 100 in some pedons. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract of the B horizon and C horizon ranges from 2 to 16 mmhos/cm.
The BC horizon has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 4. Redox concentrations and depletions of brown, gray, or red are in most pedons. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay with clay content ranging from 27 to 45 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
The C horizon is similar in color and reaction to the BC horizon. It is variable in texture with thin layers of coarser or finer textures than the mass.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Pawhuska series of the same family and the Foard, Harrisville, Hinkle, Oscar, and Wing series of similar families. Foard soils have a mollic epipedon and smectitic mineralogy. Harrisville soils are fine-silty. Hinkle soils lack a fluctuating water tables within 2 to 10 feet of the surface and have smectitic mineralogy. Oscar soils have less than 35 percent clay in the control section. Wing soils have wetness depletions and concentrations within 20 inches of the surface. Pawhuska soils are moderately well drained and lack an apparent water table at a depth of 2 to 6 feet.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Drummond soils are on nearly level to gently sloping flood plains. They are rarely flooded. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. They formed in calcareous alluvium. The climate is subhumid. Mean annual temperature ranges from 59 degrees to 65 degrees F.; average annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 40 inches; and Thornthwaite P-E indices of 40 to 64.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Carwile, Farnum, Meno, Miller, Naron, Plevna, Port, Pratt, Reinach, Shellabarger, and Tabler soils. Carwile, Farnum, Meno, Naron, Pratt, Shellabarger, and Tabler soils are on higher parts of the landscape. Miller, Plevna, and Port soils are on flood plains. Reinach soils are on terraces of similar elevation but are closer to the stream. All of these soils lack a natric horizon. Carwile soils have a mollic epipedon and wetness mottles in the lower mollic epipedon. Farnum, Meno, Naron, Plevna, Port, Pratt, Reinach, and Shellabarger soils have less than 35 percent clay in the control section. In addition, Meno soils have an A horizon over 20 inches thick. Miller and Tabler soils have a mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Slow or very slow runoff; very slow permeability. A water table fluctuates between 2 and 6 feet below the soil surface.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for native range. Native vegetation consists of mixed grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Oklahoma, south-central Kansas, and north-central Texas. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Garfield County, Oklahoma; 1935.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 8 inches. (the A horizon)
Argillic and Natric horizon - the zone from 8 to 22 inches. (the Btn horizon)
Moisture regime - Udic-Ustic.