LOCATION DRUMMER IL+IN OH WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Drummer silty clay loam - on a south-facing concave slope with less than 1 percent gradient under grass at an elevation of about 218 meters (715 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; firm; many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A--18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; firm; many fine and medium roots throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 56 cm (10 to 22 inches)].
BA--36 to 48 cm (14 to 19 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) extremely weakly cemented iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
Bg--48 to 64 cm (19 to 25 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine roots; common fine distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many worm holes; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg1--64 to 81 cm (25 to 32 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine roots; common distinct dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Btg2--81 to 104 cm (32 to 41 inches); gray (N 5/0) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few distinct dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizon and Btg horizons is 51 to 119 cm (20 to 47 inches).]
2Btg3--104 to 119 cm (41 to 47 inches); gray (N 5/0) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 4 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]
2Cg--119 to 152 cm (47 to 60 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) stratified loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron-manganese accumulations in the matrix; many medium distinct gray (N 5/0) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Champaign County, Illinois; on the University of Illinois south farm 1 mile south of Urbana; 1,600 feet east and 300 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 04 seconds N.,long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 58 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16T 0394896 easting 4437648 northing; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development ranges from 102 to 165 cm (40 to 65 inches). The depth to horizons with greater than 15 percent sand ranges from 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). The dominant clay mineral in the upper part of the series control section is smectite and in the lower part is illite. The particle-size control section averages between 20 and 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. The mollic epipedon ranges from 25 to 61 cn (10 to 24 inches) in thickness and extends into the upper part of the B horizon in many pedons. Rock fragments are less than 15 percent in the lower part of the series control section. Depth to carbonates is greater than 102 cm (40 inches).
The Ap, A, and/or AB horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 2 to 3; and chroma of 0 to 2. It is silty clay loam and less commonly is silt loam. Clay content ranges from 20 to 35 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have an AB horizon rather than a BA horizon.
The Bg, Btg, and/or BA horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value dominantly of 4 or 5, but ranges to 3 in the upper part and to 6 in the lower part; and chroma dominantly of 1 or 2, but ranging from 0 to 4. Texture is silty clay loam in the upper part and silty clay loam or silt loam in the lower part. Clay content ranges from 20 to 35 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The 2Bg, 2Btg, and/or 2BCg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 0 to 2. Some pedons have nearly equal proportions of low chroma and high chroma colors in the matrix. Texture is commonly loam or silt loam, and most pedons contain strata of sandy loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or fine sandy loam. Clay content ranges from 15 to 33 percent and sand content ranges from 15 to 55 percent. Content of rock fragments is less than 7 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
The 2Cg and/or 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 4 to 7; and chroma of 0 to 8. It typically is stratified. Textures include loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam. Some pedons have thin strata of loamy sand. Clay content ranges from 10 to 32 percent and sand content ranges from 15 to 80 percent. Content of rock fragments is less than 15 percent. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chalmers, Chetomba, Dolbee, Dunham, Elpaso, Elvira, Garwin, Gillet_Grove, Hartsburg, Madelia, Marcus, Mascoutah, Maxcreek, Maxfield, Ossian, Patton, Pella, Rushmore, Sable, and Wacousta series. Chalmers, Maxcreek and Maxfield soils are less than 40 inches to subhorizons that average more than 15 percent sand. Chetomba, Madelia, Pella, Rushmore, and Wacousta soils contain carbonates at depths less than 40 inches. Dolbee and Elvira soils formed in silty alluvial sediments on flood plains and river terraces and are subject to flooding. Dolbee soils do not have stratification and typically have less sand in the substratum than the Drummer soils. Elvira soils have high concentrations of iron and manganese oxides in the solum. Dunham soils average more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Elpaso and Gillett_Grove soils have a well graded sand fraction in the lower part of the series control section. Garwin, Hartsburg, Marcus, Mascoutah, Ossian, and Sable soils average less than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Patton soils average less than 25 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section, and the sand fraction is dominantly fine and very fine sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Drummer soils are on nearly level or depressional parts of outwash plains, stream terraces, and till plains of Wisconsinan Age. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Drummer soils formed in 40 to 60 inches of loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy stratified outwash. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 54 degrees F., mean annual precipitation is 29 to 40 inches, frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and the elevation ranges from 500 to 1020 feet above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Blackberry, Brenton, Catlin, Clare, Dana, Elburn, Flanagan, Lisbon, Plano, Proctor, Raub, Saybrook, and Sidell soils. The associated soils are on higher positions on the landform. The somewhat poorly drained Elburn, moderately well drained Blackberry, and well drained Plano soils form a drainage sequence with Drummer soils. The somewhat poorly drained Brenton, moderately well drained Clare and well drained Proctor soils have a thinner mantle of loess. The moderately well drained Catlin, Dana, and Saybrook soils, the somewhat poorly drained Flanagan, Lisbon, and Raub soils, and the well drained Sidell soils formed in loess and in the underlying loamy till.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. In drained conditions, an apparent seasonal high water table is 15 cm (0.5 foot) above the surface to 31 cm (1.0 foot) below the surface at some time between January and May in most years. In undrained conditions, an apparent seasonal high water table is 15 cm (0.5 foot) above the surface to 15 cm (0.5 foot) below the surface at some time between November and June in most years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Water ponds on these soils for brief periods during the spring. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second). Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped. Corn and soybeans are the principal crops. Some areas are used for growing small grain or meadow. Native vegetation is hydrophytic grasses, reeds, and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and central Illinois, northwestern Indiana, southwestern Ohio and southeastern Wisconsin. The extent is large in MLRAs 95B, 108, 110, 111, and 114; more than 500,000 acres have been correlated in Illinois to date.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ford County, Illinois, 1929.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 cm (19 inches) (Ap, A, and BA horizons);
cambic horizon - the zone from approximately 48 to 119 cm (19 to 47 inches) (Bg, Btg1, Btg2, and 2Btg3 horizons);
aquic conditions - redoximorphic features present in the zone from approximately 36 to 152 cm (14 to 60 inches) (BA, Bg, Btg1, Btg2, 2Btg3, and 2Cg horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: SSIR No. 19, pp. 92-109. University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 665, Profile No. 29.