LOCATION DELLWOOD NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Oxyaquic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Dellwood cobbly sandy loam on a 2 percent slope in a hay field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) cobbly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots, common medium and coarse roots, and few coarse roots; 12 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel by volume; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
A2--8 to 14 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very gravelly loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; 35 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones by volume; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 8inches thick)
AC--14 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; few very fine roots; 40 percent gravel and 25 percent cobbles by volume; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
C1--24 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; 40 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones by volume; common fine flakes of mica; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--33 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; 40 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones by volume; common fine flakes of mica; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C3--50 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; 40 percent GRAVEL, 20 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones by volume; common fine flakes of mica; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Haywood County, North Carolina; 1.6 miles south from Hazelwood on SR 1147; 200 feet east of road in a hay field.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to coarse-textured material that contains more than 35 percent by volume rounded gravel and cobbles is 8 to 20 inches. Reaction is very strongly acid to neutral. Content of mica flakes ranges from none to common. Organic matter content is irregular with depth.
The A or Ap horizon, where moist, has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2. Dry value is less than 5.5. The upper A or Ap horizons are fine sandy loam, or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. They have less than 35 percent gravel and/or cobbles by volume. In some pedons, the lower part of the A horizon is loamy sand or loamy fine sand in the fine-earth fraction and contains 35 to 60 percent gravel and cobbles by volume.
Some pedons have an AC horizon that has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sand, coarse sand, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction. It contains more than 35 percent gravel and cobbles by volume.
A thin Bw horizon is present in some pedons. It has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. It contains less than 35 percent gravel and/or cobbles by volume.
The C horizon is multicolored or has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. The C horizon is sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand in the fine-earth fraction. It averages more than 35 percent rock fragments. They are dominantly gravel and cobbles with a small amount of stones. Some pedons have a thin C horizon that contains 15 to 35 percent by volume gravel and cobbles.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. The Craigsville, French, Ostin, Potomac, Reddies, and Rosman series are soils in related families. Craigsville soils are in a loamy-skeletal family and do not have an umbric epipedon. Potomac and Ostin soils do not have an umbric epipedon. French soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, have low chroma mottles within 24 inches of the surface, and lack an umbric epipedon. Reddies soils are in a coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal family. Rosman soils are in a coarse-loamy family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dellwood soils are on nearly level and gently sloping flood plains of fast flowing streams in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Elevation ranges from about 1200 to 2200 feet. The soils formed in loamy and sandy alluvium that contains a large amount of rounded gravel and cobbles. The alluvium has washed from upland soils formed in residuum weathered from granite, gneiss, schist, and metasedimentary rocks such as phyllite and slate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 48 to 65 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 57 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Craigsville, French, Ostin, Potomac, Reddies, and Rosman series, these are the Biltmore, Colvard, Cullasaja, Cullowhee, Dillard, Elsinboro, Iotla, Saunook, Spivey, Statler, Tate, Toxaway, Tuckasegee, and Tusquitee soils. Biltmore, Colvard, Cullowhee, French, Iotla, Reddies, and Rosman soils are on flood plains. Biltmore soils are in a sandy family and are usually adjacent to major streams. Colvard, Reddies, and Rosman soils are in a similar landscape position, but Colvard and Rosman are in a coarse-loamy family. Cullowhee, French, Iotla, and Toxaway soils have low chroma mottles or base colors within 20 inches of the surface and are in wetter, more flood-prone parts of the flood plain. Dillard, Elsinboro, Saunook, and Statler soils are in a fine-loamy family, have argillic horizons, and are on stream terraces. Cullasaja, Spivey, Tate, Tuckasegee, and Tusquitee soils are on colluvial toe slopes and in coves. Cullasaja and Spivey soils are in a loamy-skeletal family, Tate soils are in a fine-loamy family, and Tuckasegee and Tusquitee soils are in a coarse-loamy family.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; the seasonal high water table is at depths of 2 to 4 feet in winter and spring. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid in the A horizon and rapid or very rapid in the C horizon. Flooding frequency ranges from occasional to frequent.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the acreage is cleared and used for pasture and hayland. Some is in urban uses. The rest is mainly in hardwood forest. Sycamore, yellow-poplar, river birch, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, and red maple are the dominant trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Carolina and possibly Virginia and Tennessee. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Lexington, Kentucky
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Macon County, North Carolina; 1990. The name is from the Dellwood Community in Haywood County, North Carolina.
REMARKS: The soil was formerly included with the Craigsville, French, and Potomac series. However, the combination of an umbric epipedon and sandy-skeletal family is not described by any of those soils. Dellwood has formed downstream from areas of high rainfall and steep slopes. Large variations in stream flow may occur over short periods.
The Dellwood series has the following diagnostic horizons and features:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 14 inches (Ap and A horizon)
Sandy-skeletal zone - the zone between 8 and 60 inches (A2, AC, C1, C2, and C3 horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
MLRA: 130B NASIS DMU ID: 496774