LOCATION DALHART OK+CO KS NM TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dalhart fine sandy loam--cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 23 cm thick)
A--13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 20 cm thick)
Bt1--23 to 71 cm (9 to 28 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam, brown (10 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; many fine roots; common distinct clay films on ped surfaces; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 50 cm thick)
Bt2--71 to 97 cm (28 to 38 inches); yellowish brown(10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on ped surfaces; few films and threads of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 38 cm thick)
Btk--97 to 127 cm (38 to 50 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; common fine masses and few fine nodules of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 76 cm thick)
Bk--127 to 203 cm (50 to 80 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; few masses and few fine nodules of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Texas County, Oklahoma; about 1.6 kilometers (l mile) north of Hooker in cropland; 366 meters (l,200 feet) east and 30 meters (l00 feet) south of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 5 N., R. l7 E. Latitude: 36 degrees 52 minutes 12 seconds N; Longitude: 101 degrees 12 minutes 53 seconds W; Hooker, Oklahoma, USGS quad; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 205 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 14 to 15 C (57 to 59 degrees F).
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 50 to 150 cm (20 to 60 in)
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm.
Particle-size control section: 18 to 30 percent silicate clay.
Note: Where hue is 7.5YR and chroma is 6, the clay content in the argillic horizon decreases from its maximum by 20 percent within a depth of 150 cm. The redder hues are more common in the southern extent of the series province. Buried horizons are common but not diagnostic.
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, and 3 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam
Effervescence: none
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Note: where this horizon meets the color requirements of a mollic epipedon, it fails to meet the thickness or the organic carbon requirements.
Bt horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, and 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and nodules range from few to many
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Btk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loan, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and nodules range from few to common
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 2 to 15 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
Bk horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7, and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: dominantly loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam but include loam and sandy clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and nodules range from few to common
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 5 to 15 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arnor,
Arwite,
Augustine,
Bigbow,
Bosonoak,
Carri,
Celacy,
Celavar,
Deekay,
Dermala,
Elwop,
Evpark,
Flugle,
Fort Collins,
Gateson,
Iwela,
Lykorly,
Navajita,
Nyjack,
Oldwolf,
Olnest,
Orlie,
Parkelei,
Pinitos,
Rauzi,
Ribera,
Rockybutte,
Stoneham,
Toluca, and
Wagonhound.
The Arnor, Arwite, Augustine, Bosonoak, Carri, Celacy, Celavar, Deekay, Dermala, Elwop, Evpark, Flugle, Fort Collins, Gateson, Iwela, Lykorly, Navajita, Nyjack, Oldwolf, Olnest, Orlie, Parkelei, Pinitos, Rauzi, Ribera, Rockybutte, Stoneham, Toluca, and Wagonhound soils: have mean annual air temperature less than 13 degrees C.
Bigbow soils: have a lithologic discontinuity at depths less than 100 cm.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy eolian sediments of Pleistocene age.
Landform: eolian plain or interdune.
Slopes: 0 to 8 percent but are dominantly 0 to 3 percent.
Elevation: 884 to 1,128 meters ((2,900 to 3,700 ft).
Mean annual air temperature: 13 to 14 degrees C (55 to 57 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 533 mm (17 to 21 in).
Frost-free period: 162 to 203 days.
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 24 to 36.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the competing
Bigbow series and the
Belfon,
Canina,
Dallam,
Dumas,
Eva,
Hugoton,
Optima,
Sherm,
Vingo,
Vorhees, and
Zella series.
Bigbow soils: are on similar landscape positions.
Belfon and Hugoton soils: are on similar landscape positions and have a mollic epipedon.
Canina soils: are on similar landscape positions and have a fine silty particle-size class and have calcic horizons that range from 25 to 100 cm.
Dallam soils: are on similar landscape positions and have hue of 7.5YR and chroma 6, the clay content in the argillic horizon does not decrease from its maximum by 20 percent within a depth of 150 cm.
Dumas, Sherm, and Zella soils: are on similar landscape positions and have a mollic epipedon.
Optima soils: are on very gently sloping to moderately steep dunes and have a sandy particle-size class.
Vingo soils: have less than l8 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
Vorhees soils: are on similar landscape positions and have calcic horizons that range from 25 to 100 cm.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff is negligible on slopes less than 1 percent, very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes, low on 3 to 5 percent slopes and moderate on slopes of 5 to 8 percent.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mainly used for crop production. Wheat and grain sorghums are the principal crops. Some areas are used for livestock grazing. Native vegetation is mixed grasses. This soil has been correlated to the Sandy Loam (R-077AY012TX) and Sandy (R-077AY666TX) ecological site in MLRA-77B.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA 77A in LRR H) of Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Colorado. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Union County, New Mexico, l938.
REMARKS: This is a Benchmark series.
Series revised MLRA-77 Soil Survey Update; Stevens County, Kansas;
2004.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (Ap and A horizons).
Argillic horizon - 23 to 127 cm (Bt and Btk horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL lab data available S85OK-025-003 (Cimarron County, Oklahoma); S92OK-007-002 (Beaver County, Oklahoma); 73TX-205-004 (Hartley County, Texas); S93KS-189-002 (Seward County, Kansas)
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006.