LOCATION CRUMSTOWN          IN

CRUMSTOWN SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Crumstown fine sandy loam, on a north-facing, 2 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 827 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)

Bt1--9 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--19 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains and gravel; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--26 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains and gravel; 10 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4--35 to 45 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay bridging between sand grains and gravel; 5 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 14 to 38 inches.)

BC1--45 to 70 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

BC2--70 to 100 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: St. Joseph County, Indiana; about 4 miles north of Lake of the Woods; 1,520 feet east and 200 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 18, T. 35 N., R. 3 E.; U.S.G.S. Bremen, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 29 minutes 32.6 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 13 minutes 42.1 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 564411 easting and 4593713 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 20 to 50 inches
Thickness of the solum: 40 to greater than 80 inches
Depth to carbonates: 40 to greater than 80 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features: 40 to 80 inches
Particle-size control section: averages 10 to 18 percent clay

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, gravelly sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand; in some pedons the lower part is coarse sandy loam or gravelly coarse sandy loam
Redoximorphic features: may be present in the lower part of the Bt horizon
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and strongly acid to neutral in the lower part
Rock fragment content: 1 to 30 percent

BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, gravelly loamy sand, gravelly sandy loam, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 1 to 30 percent

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brownsburg, Eleva, Hillsdale, Lapeer, Mecan, and Oshtemo series Brownsburg soils have a lithic contact between 40 and 60 inches. Eleva soils have a paralithic or lithic contact between 20 and 40 inches. Hillsdale and Oshtemo soils are not clearly differentiated from the Crumstown soils because of overlapping properties within the 0 to 60-inch series control section, the C horizons in these soils are not always present within the series control section, and because the redoximorphic features in Crumstown soils are not always present within the series control section. In addition, the Oshtemo series allows for a loamy substratum phase that has a high water table within a depth of 60 inches. Lapeer soils have sola less than 40 inches thick. Mecan soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in the upper part of the Bt horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Crumstown soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash on moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 40 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 170 days, and elevation ranges from 540 to 1,000 feet above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Hillsdale series, and the Bronson, Brady, and Gilford soils. The moderately well drained Bronson, somewhat poorly drained Brady, and poorly or very poorly drained Gilford soils have zones of aquic conditions and are in a drainage sequence with the Crumstown soils. Hillsdale soils are closely associated with Crumstown soils on moraines.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper loamy materials and rapid in the lower sandy materials. The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 3.5 to 6 feet below the surface from December to April in normal years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly cultivated. The principal crops are small grains, soybeans, corn, and hay. The remainder is in forest or permanent pasture. Native vegetation is hardwood forest of oak, hickory, and sugar maple.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111 and 98 in northern Indiana. The soils are of small extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Joseph County, Indiana, 2001.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 9 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon: from 9 to 45 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons between 45 and 100 inches
Udic moisture regime

Crumstown series replaces Oshtemo soils in St. Joseph County, Indiana that had redox depletions at depths of 40 to 60 inches.

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401651 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401650 represents the 0 to 1 percent slope phase.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data for the typical pedon (S01IN-141-002) is available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T01IN-141-103) is on file at the MLRA project office in Plymouth, IN. Transect shows 70 percent Crumstown, 20 percent Oshtemo, and 10 percent Bronson soils.