LOCATION CRESENT IL+MN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Cresent loam - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 510 feet (155 meters) above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 cm); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--8 to 15 inches (20 to 38 cm); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
AB--15 to 18 inches (38 to 46 cm); dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1--18 to 27 inches (46 to 69 cm); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--27 to 34 inches (69 to 86 cm); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--34 to 46 inches (86 to 117 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
2C1--46 to 60 inches (117 to 152 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand grading to sand with depth; massive; very friable; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
2C2--60 to 80 inches (152 to 203 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Tazewell County, Illinois; about 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) north and 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) west of South Pekin; 255 feet (78 meters) south and 2,346 feet (715 meters) west of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 24 N., R. 5 W.; USGS Pekin, IL topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 30 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 40 minutes 15 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 273706 easting and 4487920 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon and the depth to sand or loamy sand textures ranges from 40 to 60 inches (102 to 152 cm). The mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 24 inches (25 to 61 cm) in thickness. The clay content ranges from 10 to 32 percent in the upper and middle part of the control section, and from 2 to 10 percent in the lower part. The sand content ranges from 70 to 95 percent in the lower part of the control section.
The Ap and A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The AB horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value and chroma of 3 or 4.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. It has 0 to 5 percent gravel. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand or loamy sand. It has 0 to 10 percent gravel. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Atkinson, Burchard, Calmar, Cokato, Cresco, Durand, Friesland, Griswold, Hitt, Jasper, Joslin, Keosauqua, Kishwaukee, Marbletown, Moingona, Morrill, Nuxmaruhanixete, Pana, Parmod, Penfield, Reedslake, Ringwood, Rockton, Schoolcraft, Shelby, Sibleyville, Velma, and Winnebago, series. Atkinson soils have limestone bedrock within 45 inches (114 cm). Burchard soils formed entirely in glacial till and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Calmar soils have limestone bedrock within 40 inches (102 cm). Cokato soils have free carbonates from 18 to 48 inches (46 to 122 cm). Cresco soils have less sand in the lower part of the series control section. Durand soils have less sand in the lower part of the series control section. Friesland soils have less sand in the lower part of the series control section. Griswold soils formed entirely in calcareous sandy loam glacial till and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Hitt soils have limestone bedrock within 60 inches (152 cm). Jasper soils have 45 to 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Joslin soils have subhorizons with 35 to 50 percent clay in the series control section. Keosauqua soils average 18 to 35 percent clay and 20 to 50 percent sand in the particle-size control section and ranges from slightly acid to neutral in the lower part of the series control section. Kishwaukee soils have 30 to 70 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Marbletown soils have sandstone or shale bedrock within 60 inches (152 cm). Moingona soils formed entirely in colluvium or alluvium and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Morrill soils have less sand in the lower part of the series control section. Nuxmaruhanixete soils have more than 10 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Pana soils have more than 10 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Parmod soils have calcium carbonate equivalent range of 15 to 40 percent in the lower part of the series control section. Penfield soils have 45 to 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Reedslake soils formed entirely in calcareous loamy glacial till and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Ringwood soils have 10 to 40 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Rockton soils have limestone bedrock within 40 inches (102 cm). Schoolcraft soils have sand and gravelly sand at depths of less than 40 inches (102 cm). Shelby soils formed entirely in glacial till and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Sibleyville soils have sandstone or sandy and silty shale bedrock within 40 inches (102 cm). Velma soils contain more clay in the lower part of the series control section. Winnebago soils have less sand in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cresent soils are on outwash plains near the south and west edge of the Wisconsinan Age glacial moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 18 percent. Cresent soils formed in 40 to 60 inches (102 to 152 cm) of loamy sediments over sandy outwash. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 48 to 52 degrees F (9 to 11 degrees C). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 40 inches (810 to 1020 mm).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dakota, Dickinson, Onarga, Plainfield, Plano, Raddle, and Sparta soils. Dakota soils contain sandy textures within depths of 40 inches (102 cm). Dickinson, Onarga, Plainfield, and Sparta soils contain more sand in the upper part of the control section. Plano and Raddle soils contain less sand throughout the control section.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Soil moisture status wet is greater than 6 feet. Surface runoff is medium or high. Permeability is moderate in the loamy sediments and rapid in the underlying sandy outwash. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s) in the loamy sediments and high to very high (42.33 to 141.11 micrometers/s) in the underlying sandy outwash.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grains are the principal crops. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota. The extent is small in LRR M, MLRAs 105, 108, 110, and 115C.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Henry County, Illinois, 2001.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: particle-size control section - the zone from 18 to 38 inches (46 to 97 cm); series control section - the zone from 0 to 60 inches (0 to 152 cm); mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to 18 inches (0 to 46 cm) (Ap, A, and AB horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 18 to 46 inches (46 to 117 cm) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons). Udic moisture regime. Cation exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area. Taxonomic Version: Second Edition, 1999.
These soils were formerly correlated as a sandy substratum phase of the Jasper series.