LOCATION COSPERVILLE INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cosperville loam, on a convex, 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 888 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium interstitial and tubular pores; 3 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--6 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium interstitial and tubular pores; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap horizon is 6 to 10 inches.)
Bt1--9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium tubular pores; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) silt coatings on vertical faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--16 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) rounded slightly hard iron and manganese oxide concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--22 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) rounded slightly hard iron and manganese oxide concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--29 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) rounded slightly hard iron and manganese oxide concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 45 inches.)
BCt--38 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) rounded masses of calcium carbonate; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
CBt--48 to 64 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) rounded masses of calcium carbonate; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
C1--64 to 76 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; friable; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) masses of carbonate; common medium prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 44 inches thick)
2C2--76 to 84 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand and sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1/2 mile north of Millersburg; 1,290 feet east and 2,590 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 7 E.; U.S.G.S Millersburg, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 31 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 41 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 608914 easting and 4598547 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 36 to 70 inches
Depth to carbonates: 30 to 70 inches
Thickness of the till: 40 to 80 inches
Particle-size control section: averages 35 to 45 percent clay
Rock fragments: of mixed lithology throughout the control section
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
E, EB, or BE horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
Reaction: moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part and slightly acid or neutral in the lower part
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
BCt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
CBt or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam or clay loam
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 35 percent
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sand, gravelly sand, or fine sand
Sand content: averages more than 85 percent sand
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 50 percent
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Beasley, Bledsoe, Bonnell, Brashear, Bratton, Briggsville, Bucklick, Caneyville, Chrome, Donahue, Eden, Elba, Enott, Estate, Faywood, Fredonia, Haggatt, Heitt, Heverlo, Jessup, Kewaunee, Lowell, Markland, Milton, Mountpleasant, Muncie, Newnata, Shrouts, Vandalia, and Woodsfield series. Beasley soils typically have a paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Bledsoe and Brashear soils occur outside of LRR M in areas with mean annual precipitation greater than 40 inches. Bonnell soils are more acid than moderately acid in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Bratton, Caneyville, Chrome, Donahue, Faywood, Fredonia, and Milton soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 40 inches. Briggsville soils occur outside of LRR M in areas with mean annual temperatures below 50 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation below 32 inches. Bucklick, Vandalia, and Woodsfield soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in a subhorizon of the argillic horizon. Eden, Heverlo, and Shrouts soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 40 inches. Elba and Lowell soils have rock fragments of limestone, siltstone, and shale in the lower part of the series control section. Enott soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Estate soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the upper part of the series control section. Haggatt and Newnata soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Heitt and Mountpleasant soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Jessup soils have more than 50 percent silt in the upper part of the series control section. Kewaunee soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in the Bt horizon. Markland soils have a Btk horizon in the series control section. Muncie soils are not clearly differentiated from the Cosperville soils because of overlapping properties within the series control section. Muncie soils are greater than 6 feet to a seasonal high water table and Cosperville soils have a seasonal high water table at a depth ranging from 3 and 6 feet. However, redox depletions in Cosperville soils are not always present within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cosperville soils formed in till of Wisconsinan Age and the underlying outwash and are on swells on outwash floored till plains. The till is 40 to 80 inches thick over sandy outwash. Slope gradients range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 40 inches, frost-free period ranges from 150 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 600 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blount, Glynwood, Kimmell, and Pewamo soils. The somewhat poorly drained Blount and Kimmell soils and the moderately well drained Glynwood soils are on lower lying swells on till plains. The very poorly drained Pewamo soils are in depressions on till plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderately slow in the solum, slow in the upper part of the underlying material, and rapid in the lower part. The depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 3 to 6 feet for some time in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111 in north-central Indiana. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 9 inches (Ap)
Argillic horizon: from 9 to 38 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4)
These soils were previously mapped as Morley, sandy substratum in Elkhart County.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124260 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124259 represents Cosperville A slope (0 to 2 percent) phase in north-central Indiana.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S94IN-039-7) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data is on file for the typical pedon (T94IN-039-120) at the MLRA Project Office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Cosperville soils and 30 percent Cosperville, eroded.