LOCATION CEDONIA WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Cedonia ashy silt loam - cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) ashy silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak subangular blocky structure;slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
AB--6 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) ashy silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; many very fine tubular and irregular pores; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
2Bk1--12 to 27 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few roots; many very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; few fine dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coatings in thin bands; 10 percent fine carbonate threads throughout, strongly effervescent in some root channels; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
2Bk2--27 to 33 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong thin platy structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many fine irregular pores; few dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coatings in thin bands; 10 percent fine carbonate threads throughout, strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
2C--33 to 60 inches; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) silt loam, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; finely laminated; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few roots along cleavage planes to about 50 inches; few fine irregular pores; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Spokane County, Washington; 0.2 miles east of junction of Peone and Highland Roads; 30 feet north of Peone Road in a cultivated field in the southwest corner of section 33, T. 27 N., R. 44 E., W.M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The average annual soil temperature is estimated to range from 47 to 52 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts between depths of 4 and 12 inches for 60 to 75 consecutive days. The solum ranges in thickness from 28 to 40 inches. The surface 10 to 15 inches has an estimated moist bulk density of 1.10 to 1.50 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 5 to 20 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of 0.4 to 1.0 percent and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 10 percent for air dried samples. The particle-size control section has less than 5 percent rock fragments, and ranges between 18 and 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine and coarser sand, and has a base saturation (ammonium acetate) of less than 60 percent.
The A horizon has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 5 or 6 dry and 3 or 4 moistReaction is neutral or slightly acid.
A 2Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist and chroma of 2 or 3 dry or moist. It is silt loam or silt. It has 10 to 30 percent fine carbonate threads and faint thin carbonate coats on horizontal faces of peds. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The 2Bw horizon, when present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4 dry or moist. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam It has none to few faint patchy clay films.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Few fine faint redox concentrations are present in some pedons. Reaction is slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Soils in similar families are the Giles, Hohman, Kerby, Laughlin, and Morical series. Giles soils are not calcareous in any part. Hohman, Kerby, Laughlin, and Morical soils have more than 15 percent fine and coarser sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cedonia soils are on lake terraces and terrace breaks at elevations of 1,300 to 2,700 feet. Slopes are 0 to 65 percent. They formed in calcareous glaciolacustrine sediments mixed with loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. The climate is characterized by warm dry summers and cool moist winters. Average annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 25 inches. Average July temperature is about 68 degrees F., and average annual temperature is 45 to 47 degrees F. The frost-free period is 100to 135 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bernhill, Hodgson, Hunters, and Lakesol soils. Bernhill soils have a fine-loamy control section and are on glaciated foothills. Hunters soils have a mollic epipedon 10 to 20 inches thick and are on terraces. Hodgson soils have more than 36 percent clay in an argillic horizon from 7 to 27 inches and are on terraces. Lakesol soils are frigid, have a mollic epipedon 7 to 12 inches thick, and are on terraces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cedonia soils are used for growing small grains, alfalfa, hay and timber. Native vegetation is ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, some Douglas-fir, western larch, pinegrass, snowberry, and wheatgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington; MLRA 43, 44. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Spokane County, Washington, 1964.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 12 inches (Ap and AB horizons
Cambic horizon - the zone from 12 to 33 inches (2Bk1 and 2Bk2 horizons)Secondary carbonates - the zone from 12 to 33 inches (2Bk1 and 2Bk2 horizons)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from 0 to 12 inches (Ap and AB horizons)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 10 to 40 inches (part of AB, 2Bk1, 2Bk2 and part of 2C horizon).
This pedon description has been updated based on revisiting the original type location. The Bw horizons were revised to Bk horizons. Additional investigation is needed as to the depth range to identifiable secondary carbonates although at this time presence is typically above 40 inches in Spokane, Stevens, North Ferry, and Colville Indian Reservation soil survey areas.
The discontinuity in the 2Bk1 represent the limit of the vitrandic feature and the influence of air-fall ash.
Classification revised as of 5/00 from fine-silty, mixed, mesic Vitrandic Xerochrepts to fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerepts based on revisions to Soil Taxonomy.
Additional investigation is needed to this series concept in regards to the occurance of a saturated zone above the substratum and the need for a revision of drainage class.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data available for this series. Pedon number 85P894, sample number S85WA019-002, NSSL, Lincoln, NE 3/88.