LOCATION CARROLLTON NY+PAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Carrollton channery silt loam, on a 6 percent slope in an idle field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.) Elevation 2085 feet.
Ap--0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) channery silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium and coarse granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 15 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
BE--4 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; 20 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on all surfaces of peds and on surfaces along pores; 15 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--17 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; common distinct clay films on surfaces along pores and on vertical faces of peds; 20 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid. (combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 12 to 24 inches.)
R--27 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) siltstone and shale bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; town of Carroll, 500 feet west of Oak Hill Road and Co. Rt. 336, 20 feet north of Co. Rt. 336. NY QUAD Latitude 42 degrees 02 minutes 13 seconds N and Longitude 79 degrees 04 minutes 00 seconds W; NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 18 to 36 inches. Rippable bedrock is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Rock fragments, mainly channers and flagstones, range from 15 to 35 percent by volume in the surface layer and subsoil. In some pedons a C horizon is present, with rock fragments ranging from 15 to 50 percent. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the soil.
The Ap horizon, or A horizon in undisturbed pedons, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 4. The thickness of the A horizon is 2 to 3 inches. Texture is silt loam or loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is loam or silt loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate, angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or firm.
The C horizon, when present, has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Consistence is friable or firm. The horizon is massive or has platy structure.
The R horizon is horizontal bedded siltstone, shale or fine-grained sandstone bedrock that is commonly interbedded.
COMPETING SERIES: The
Kinzua soils are in the same family.
Kinzua soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock.
The
Edneytown,
Gladstone,
Millstone,
Pigeonroost,
Sauratown,
Shelocta, and
Syenite soils are similar soils with a mesic temperature regime. In addition Edneytown, Gladstone, Millstone, and Shelocta soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock. Pigeonroost and Sauratown soils developed from metamorphic rock and Syenite soils developed from loamy
residuum from granite.
The Gilpin, Dekalb, Muskingum, Rayne and Onoville soils are similar soils in related families. Gilpin, Rayne, Dekalb and Muskingum soils have mesic temperature regimes. In addition Rayne soils are deep to bedrock, and Dekalb and Muskingum series do not have argillic horizons. Onoville soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Carrollton soils are on benches, convex
ridgetops, and dissected uplands where slope gradients range
from 3 to 50 percent. They formed in residuum weathered from interbedded shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. Bedrock is at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the growing season ranges from 90 to 120 days. These soils are mostly at elevations of 1800 to 2400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Carrollton soils are in a drainage sequence with the somewhat poorly drained Frewsburg soils. The Eldred, Elko, Ernest, Rayne, Shongo, Wharton, Valois, Chautauqua and Schuyler soils are on associated landscapes. The Eldred, Elko, Ernest and Wharton soils are more than 40 inches to bedrock and have subsoils with redoximorphic features. Rayne soils are more than 40 inches deep to bedrock. Very deep Valois, Chautauqua and Schuyler soils are nearby at lower elevations. Also on nearby landscapes are the Kinzua and Onoville soils that are more than 40 inches deep to bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well and well drained. Surface runoff is medium to very rapid. Permeability is moderate throughout the soil.
USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas are used for cropland and
pasture. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods of sugar maple, northern red oak, white oak and beech. Many areas that were formerly cleared for crop production are now idle and reverting to brush and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Unglaciated areas of southwestern New York at elevations above 1800 feet. MLRA 127 and 140. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chautauqua County, New York, 1988.
REMARKS: This soil was originally classified as an Alfisol. It now classifies in the subgroup of Typic Hapludults.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 10 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 10 to 27 inches (Bt1 and
Bt2 horizons).
c. Lithic contact - bedrock at 27 inches.