LOCATION CARMAN             OK

CARMAN SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Udic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Carman loam - cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap-- 0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3), crushed, loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3), crushed, moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; many very fine and fine moderate continuity vesicular and tubular pores; common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout; slightly effervescent throughout (HCl, unspecified); moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 12 inches thick)

Btk1-- 9 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), interior, clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6), interior, moist; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic accumulation masses throughout and few fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletion masses along root channels; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; many very fine and fine moderate continuity vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct discontinuous clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine and medium irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate throughout and common fine irregular soft accumulations of iron-manganese throughout; strongly effervescent throughout (HCl, unspecified); moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 21 inches thick)

Btk2--30 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), interior, fine sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6), interior, moist; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic accumulation masses throughout and few fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletion masses along root channels; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine low continuity vesicular and tubular pores; few faint discontinuous clay films on faces of peds and in pores and common distinct discontinuous clay bridging between sand grains; common fine and medium irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate throughout and common fine irregular soft accumulations of iron-manganese throughout; strongly effervescent throughout (HCl, unspecified); moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 28 inches thick)

Btk3--37 to 57 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), interior, clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6), interior, moist; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic accumulation masses throughout and common fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletion masses along root channels; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; very hard, firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine moderate continuity vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct discontinuous clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine and medium irregular soft masses of calcium carbonate throughout and common fine irregular soft accumulations of iron-manganese throughout; strongly effervescent throughout (HCl, unspecified); moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 25 inches thick)

C--57 to 70 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), interior, sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6), interior, moist; massive; hard, friable; slightly effervescent throughout (HCl, unspecified); moderately alkaline. This horizon is saturated by a perched water table.

TYPE LOCATION: Woods County, Oklahoma; about 2 miles south and 2 miles west of Dacoma; 2300 feet south and 1950 feet east of the northwest corner of section 27, T. 25 N., R. 13 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: These soils are typically moderately alkaline and calcareous throughout, but some pedons may be noncalcareous and slightly alkaline in the surface layer. Depth to redoximorphic features ranges from 8 to 40 inches, but when depletions of chroma 2 or less are found above 30 inches they are typically found only in root channels. Depth to a perched water table ranges from 40 to 60 inches.

The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is dominantly loam but may be fine sandy loam or clay loam.

The Btk horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam with some pedons having layers of sandy loam or fine sandy loam less than 10 inches thick in the lower part. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 5 to 15 percent.

The BCk horizon where present is similar in color and texture to the Btk.

The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 6 or 8. Texture is loamy sand, sandy loam, and clay loam, some pedons have thin strata of coarser and finer textured materials.

Some pedons have a 2C or 2Cr horizon below 60 inches.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Chickasha, Lovedale, Milan, Navina, Ravia, Schulenburg, Stoneburg, Teller, Teval and Waynoka series in the same family. All of these soils except Schulenburg lack carbonates within 30 inches of the soil surface. In addition, Chickasha, and Stoneburg soils are less 60 inches deep to bedrock. Ravia soils are formed in granitic material and have granite fragments throughout the profile. Navina soils do not allow colors redder than 7.5YR. Schulenburg soils have secondary carbonates at 22 to 36 inches and do not have redoximorphic depletions. Teller soils are more acid throughout the Bt horizon. Teval soils have a lower clay activity class. Waynoka soils have a lithologic discontinuity between 30 and 60 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Carman soils are on nearly level to very gently sloping remnants of old terraces that have been partially covered by more recent sandier sediments. They formed in calcareous, loamy, old alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 30 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 57 to 61 degrees F. Thornthwaite Annual P-E Index ranges from 44 to 50. Frost free days range from 190 to 210.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Devol, Eda, Ruella, and Waynoka series. Devol and Eda soils are found on higher areas, are less clayey, lack carbonates within 36 inches, and lack a mollic epipedon. Ruella soils are found on slightly higher areas, lack an argillic horizon and a mollic epipedon. Waynoka soils are found on similar areas but lack carbonates within 30 inches and have a lithologic discontinuity within the profile.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Carman soils are moderately well drained. Permeability is moderate to moderately slow. Runoff is negligible to very low. A perched water table ranges in depth from 40 to 60 inches from January through June. Much of this water comes as seepage from surrounding higher areas.

USE AND VEGETATION: Carman soils are used mainly for cropland, but a few areas are used as native range or tame pasture. Native vegetation is tall and mid grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA-80A) of North-central Oklahoma and South- central Kansas. The series is inextensive.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Woods County, Oklahoma, 1995.

REMARKS: Soil Interpretation Record: OK0418.

Diagnostic horizons and features:

Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 9 inches. (A horizon)

Pedogenic lime - present within 30 inches of the soil surface.

Argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 9 inches to 57 inches. (Btk horizons)

Moisture regime: Udic-Ustic.