LOCATION CANFIELD OH NY PAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Fragiudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Canfield silt loam, on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 1,195 feet above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap-- 0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; few rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick.)
BE-- 6 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt coatings on faces of peds; weak fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots; few rock fragments; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick in cultivated areas and 3 to 8 inches thick in undisturbed areas.)
Bt1-- 9 to 15 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt coatings on faces of peds; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
2Bt2-- 15 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent rock fragments; few fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt3-- 21 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent rock fragments; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 6 to 18 inches.)
2Btx1-- 26 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; very firm, brittle; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds and common faint brown (10YR 4/3)clay films on horizontal faces of peds; common medium black (10YR 2/1) stains (iron and manganese oxide); about 10 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Btx2-- 38 to 45 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; very firm, brittle; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on horizontal and vertical faces of peds; common fine and medium very dark brown (10YR 2/2) stains (iron and manganese oxide); about 10 percent rock fragments; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the 2Btx horizon is 15 to 37 inches.)
2C1-- 45 to 62 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; massive; friable; about 5 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2C2-- 62 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; about 10 percent rock fragments; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Holmes County, Ohio; Salt Creek Township, about 2.8 miles north of Mt. Hope; about 1055 feet south and 2375 feet west of the northeast corner of section 26, T. 15 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Fredericksburg, Ohio topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees, 47 minutes, 3 seconds N. and Longitude 81 degrees, 50 minutes, 30 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 60 inches, but may be thinner on eroded pedons. Depth to the top of the fragipan ranges from 15 to 30 inches. Depth to carbonates is 50 to 100 inches. Content of rock fragments, dominantly sandstone but including shale and some crystalline rocks, ranges from 0 to 20 percent by volume above the fragipan, 2 to 25 percent in the fragipan and 2 to 34 percent below the fragipan. Base saturation is more than 60 percent at a depth 30 inches below the upper boundary of the fragipan. The particle size control section averages 18 to 27 percent clay
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Some uncultivated pedons have an A horizon 1 to 5 inches thick that has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Ap or A horizon is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues. Unless limed, the A or Ap horizon commonly is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The E horizon is mixed in the Ap in some cultivated areas. Where present, the E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues. Unless limed, it is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The Bt or 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6; and redoximorphic features with chroma of 2 or less above the fragipan and within the upper 10 inches of the Bt or 2Bt. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or their gravelly analogues. It is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The Btx or 2Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues. It is very strongly acid to neutral.
There is a BC or 2BC horizon in some pedons that ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The C or 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam, silt loam, sandy loam or their gravelly analogues. It is strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Nockamixon, Rittman and Teegarden (T) series. The Nockamixon series have less than 60 percent base saturation at a depth of 30 inches below the upper boundary of the fragipan. The Rittman series has 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle size control section. The Teegarden (T) series have sola 60 to 80 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Canfield soils formed in low-lime Wisconsinan age till on till plains and moraines. They occupy interfluve, head slope, nose slope, and side slope landscape positions. Commonly, the till is thinly mantled with loess. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Climate is humid. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 40 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 49 to 52 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bogart, Chili, Frenchtown, Ravenna, and Wooster soils. The well drained Wooster soils, the somewhat poorly drained Ravenna soils, and the poorly drained Frenchtown soils are in a toposequence with Canfield soils. The Wooster soils are on similar positions and the Ravenna and Frenchtown soils are on lower topographic positions or are on less sloping areas along drainageways. The Bogart and well drained Chili soils are on nearby areas of gravelly outwash.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan and slow in the fragipan. Depth to an intermittent perched seasonal high water table ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 feet from November to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain and hay. Steeper slopes are commonly in pasture or woodland. The natural vegetation is deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern and north central Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania. MLRA's 139 and 140. The series is of large extent, about 419,615 acres.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Trumbull County, Ohio, 1917.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap, BE).
2. Argillic horizon - 15 to 45 inches ([Bt1,] 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Btx1,2Btx2).
3. Fragipan - 26 to 45 inches (2Btx1, 2Btx2).
4. Redoximorphic features - 6 to 45 inches.
A moderately shallow to bedrock phase has been recognized. This phase will need to be evaluated during MLRA update activities.
Notes: 05/2003 revision included a reselected OSD pedon. Pedon correlated in Holmes County, Ohio.
The 05/2003 revision adds 'active' for the cation exchange activity class in accordance with definitions in the 8th Edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy.
Acreage based on 2004 data.
ADDITIONAL DATA: A large number of Canfield profiles have been analyzed at the Ohio State Soils Characterization Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio. These include profiles CO-22, CO-46, CO-67, CO-107, MH-3, MH-4, MH-16, MH-21, MH-26, MH-29, MH-36, MH-46, MH-47, MH-51, PG-3, SK-4, SK-5, SK-30, ST-3, ST-5, TR-21, TR-24, WN-S2, WN-S3, WN-S16, WN-S27, WN-S29, WN-S30, WN-S41, WN-S42, and WN-S43.