LOCATION CANEEK             IA

CANEEK SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

TYPICAL PEDON: Caneek silt loam, on a west-facing slope of about 1 percent, in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thin platy structure; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) thick]

Cg1--15 to 41 centimeters (6 to 16 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam that has thin dark gray (10YR 4/1) and brown (10YR 5/3) strata; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; common fine iron and manganese oxide concretions; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2--41 to 81 centimeters (16 to 32 inches); stratified dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dark gray (10YR 4/1), and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; massive with weak thin alluvial stratification; friable; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) iron and manganese oxide concretions; common fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 35 to 102 centimeters (14 to 40 inches).]

Ab--81 to 127 centimeters (32 to 50 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) in the lower part; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [38 to 152 centimeters (15 to 60 inches) thick]

Bb--127 to 203 centimeters (50 to 80 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills; Clayton County, Iowa subset; about 5 miles south of McGregor; about 573 meters (1,880 feet) east and 701 meters (2,300 feet) south of the northwest corner of section 22, T. 94 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Clayton quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 56 minutes 36.8 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 11 minutes 1.2 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches), absent in the 2Ab horizon
Depth to buried horizons--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Gypsum content--calcium sulfate crystals are not present
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 26 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--0 to 3
Texture--silt loam, some pedons contain thin strata of very fine sand or silt
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Ab horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--12 to 30 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

Bb horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--12 to 30 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bloom, Sonoma, and Wayasket series.
Bloom--have gypsum accumulations in the lower two thirds of the series control section
Sonoma--have a clay content of 25 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section and have an aridic moisture regime during the growing season in normal years
Wyasket--contain visible gypsum throughout the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) of stratified, calcareous, silty alluvium and in the underlying silty alluvium
Landform--low stream terraces and floodplains
Slopes--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--198 to 396 meters (650 to 1,300 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 860 millimeters (30 to 34 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 175 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dorchester, Volney, and Zwingle soils.
Dorchester--are on slightly higher elevations on floodplains and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.1 meters (3.5 feet) in normal years
Volney--are on higher elevations on alluvial fans and floodplains, have a rock fragment content of 15 to 90 percent in the series control section, and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) in normal years
Zwingle--are on similar landscape positions as the Caneek soils and have an average clay content of 50 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained and poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within a depth of 0 meters (0 feet) during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
Flooding--rarely to frequently flooded for very brief to long periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are pastured or cultivated. Where drained, the principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hays. Native vegetation is grass with scattered trees; however, parent materials are so recent that these soils are not influenced by vegetation.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sectionsWisconsin driftless section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105) and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M; eastern and northeastern Iowa
Extent--small

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winneshiek County, Iowa, 1970.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 39 inches) (Cg1, Cg2and 2Ab horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (0 to 59 inches) (Ap, Cg1, Cg2, 2Ab and 2Bb horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) (Ap horizon);
aquic moisture regime.

Irregular decrease of organic carbon content with increasing depth.

Aeric subgroup based on dominant value of 4 or less without redoximorphic concentrations in the upper 50 centimeters (20 inches).

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.

Type location moved from Winneshiek County, Iowa to Clayton County, Iowa in 2005 because original site had been altered.