LOCATION CAMILLUS NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Camillus silt loam - cultivated (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; brown (10YR 4/3) when rubbed, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure breaking to moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky; many fine and medium roots; many medium and large pores; 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick)
Bw--10 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure breaking to weak fine and medium granular structure; friable, slightly sticky; many fine roots; many medium and large pores; 1 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
BC--16 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) in the upper part grading to grayish brown (10YR 5/2) in the lower part (inherited from parent material), silt loam; very weak very coarse platy structure breaking to fine and medium angular and subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky; many fine roots; many medium and large pores; few partially weathered fine shale fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
C--22 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; platy structure inherited from rock breaks to weak medium and coarse angular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky; many fine roots to 24 inches, common fine roots from 24 to 36 inches; many large pores; 25 percent soft shale fragments; 1 percent hard rock fragments; slightly alkaline. (6 to 18 inches thick)
2Cr--36 to 39 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) soft partially disintegrated calcareous silty shale bedrock.
2R--39 to 42+inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) soft calcareous silty shale bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Cayuga County, New York; 200 feet north of Brutus Road, 400 feet east of Pump Road. USGS Weedsport, NY topographic quadrangle; latitude 43 degrees, 3 minutes, 6 seconds N. and longitude 76 degrees, 30 minutes, 2 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 18 to 30 inches. Depth to soft shale bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Fine, partially weathered shale fragments are common in the lower part of the B horizon and the C horizon. Hard rock fragments range from 0 to 15 percent. The fine-earth fraction contains between 15 to 25 percent coarser than very fine sand, and also has 18 to 24 percent clay.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is dominantly silt loam, but is loam or very fine sandy loam in some pedons. Structure ranges from weak coarse blocky to moderate fine granular.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR through 2.5Y. In some pedons 7.5YR 5/6 and 10YR 5/6 soft iron masses occur below depths of 16 inches. Structure is dominantly moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky. Consistence is friable to very friable. Reaction ranges from moderately acid through neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Cr horizon contains soft calcareous shale in various stages of weathering and extends to depths of up to 8 feet. Below that depth the bedrock grades into hard unweathered shale.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family. The Gardenisle (T) and Storden series were in the same family, but they have not been reclassified for CEC reaction class. Gardenisle soils have more than 20 percent rock fragment content in the substratum and are underlain by argillite and limestone bedrock. Storden soils do not have bedrock within 40 inches and has a calcium carbonate equivalent of more than 15 percent in the B horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Camillus soils are commonly on short gently undulating slopes of 2 to 8 percent on till plains, but some are on slopes as much as 25 percent. The soil formed mainly in material weathered from the underlying shale and in part in glacial till. The climate is humid and cool temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 40 inches, mean annual temperature from 46 degrees to 50 degrees F. The mean annual frost-free period ranges from 140 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Common associates are Honeoye, Ontario, and Lairdsville soils, all of which have argillic horizons. Also, the Palatine soils that have more than 35 percent coarse fragments and the shallow to bedrock Benson soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is typically slow, but ranges from slow to rapid. Permeability is moderate. A perched water table may be present for less than one month.
USE AND VEGETATION: Where cultivated the soil is used for growing corn, small grains, hay or pasture and some horticultural specialties. Much of this soil occurs in urban areas. Native trees are sugar maple, beech, basswood, and some butternut and tulip poplar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central New York. MLRA's 101 and 144A. The soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Onondaga County, New York, 1934.
REMARKS: Original classification of Camillus placed it in the subgroup Dystric Eutrochrepts, but because of changes established in 1992 by the 5th edition of "Keys To Soil Taxonomy", this soil now classifies in the subgroup Typic Eutrochrepts. Competing series are expected to be added as similar soils are reclassified. This series is well drained and not oxyaquic: the chroma 2 colors are inherited from the bedrock material and no other redoximorphic features are present. Diagnostic horizon and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 10 inches.
2) Cambic horizon - from 10 to approximately 19 inches (Bw and the upper part of the BC horizons).