LOCATION CALEB IA+MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Caleb loam, on a southeast-facing slope of 9 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters thick)
E--15 to 20 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam that contains about 25 percent sand; weak coarse platy structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 centimeters thick)
Bt1--20 to 30 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; many light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) bodies (oxides); strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--30 to 43 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) kneaded; strong medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; many light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of peds; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) bodies (oxides); very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--43 to 61 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) kneaded; strong fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky and subangular blocky; firm; common dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films mainly on vertical faces; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) bodies (oxides); roots confined mainly along faces of prism and exteriors of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--61 to 89 centimeters; mottled dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) kneaded; strong medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of prisms and in old channels; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) concretions (oxides); moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt5--89 to 117 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) kneaded; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of prisms and in old channels; few fine dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) concretions (oxides); common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt6--117 to 152 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) to yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) kneaded; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of prisms and in old channels; few light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt and fine sand coats on faces of prisms; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain, Wayne County, Iowa subset; about 4 miles west and 4 miles north of Corydon; located about 480 feet south and 2,415 feet east of the northwest corner of section 4, T. 69 N., R. 22 W.; USGS Humeston topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 48 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 23 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 200 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--24 to 35 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--40 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 2 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, loam, or clay loam
Clay content--15 to 28 percent
Sand content--25 to 50 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--20 to 45 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
In some pedons the E horizon is mixed in the Ap horizon and evident only as grainy coats on faces of peds
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content--5 to 35 percent with lesser amounts in strata
Sand content--35 to 70 percent with higher amounts in strata
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Some pedons have thin strata of sandy loam and loamy sand or coarser materials below a depth of 1 meter
BC horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--loamy sand, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 20 percent
Sand content--45 to 90 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Angus,
Argyle,
Bassett,
Blooming,
Cortland,
Gara,
Koronis,
Lester,
Newcomer,
Orwood,
Racine,
Sebbo,
Taopi,
Waucoma, and
Winneshiek series.
Angus--have carbonates within a depth of 137 centimeters
Argyle--have matrix hue redder than 7.5YR in the lower half of the series control section
Bassett--have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Blooming--have carbonates within a depth of 165 centimeters
Cortland--have an argillic horizon with matrix hue of 7.5YR or redder
Gara--have carbonates within a depth of 178 centimeters
Koronis--have a clay content that averages 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section
Lester--have carbonates within a depth of 140 centimeters
Newcomer--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Orwood--have a sand content of 15 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Racine--have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Sebbo--have a clay content that averages 18 to 25 percent and a sand content that averages 15 to 40 percent in the particle-size control section
Taopi--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a rock fragment content of 10 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Waucoma--have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters
Winneshiek--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--pre-Sangamon erosional sediments of variable texture and glacial origin
Landform--convex treads and risers on high stream terraces
Slope--5 to 25 percent
Elevation--155 to 475 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Kniffin,
Ladoga,
Mystic, and
Pershing soils.
Kniffin, Ladoga, and Pershing--are on slightly higher landscape positions and have a sand content that averages less than 5 percent and have a clay content that averages more than 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Mystic--are on slightly higher landscape positions and have a clay content that averages 35 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 1.2 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--medium or high
USE AND VEGETATION:
More gently sloping areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, oats, and grass-legume hay. More steeply sloping areas are pastured. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous trees (oak and hickory) and big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107), Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108), and Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR M; southern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--moderate
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Appanoose County, Iowa, 1970.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 20 to 70 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 152 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 20 centimeters (Ap and E horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 20 to 152 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, and Bt6 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
The landscape configuration is partly related to valley fills, but the surfaces blend with the present erosional uplands. These areas are distinctly higher in elevation than the modern flood plains but are lower in elevation than the late Wisconsin age dissected slopes.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-User Pedon ID 91MO129014 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).