LOCATION CADMUS MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cadmus loam with a slope of 1 percent on a till plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
E--8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate coarse granular structure; friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent gravel; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--15 to 24 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--24 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 10 to 27 inches.)
2Bt4--30 to 34 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; common medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct clay films in pores and on faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
2C--34 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; massive; firm; about 10 percent gravel; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Ionia County, Michigan; about 4 miles northeast of the village of Elmdale; 1500 feet south and 600 feet west of the northeast corner, sec. 27, T. 6 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 36 inches and is the same as the depth to the calcareous 2C horizon. The upper part of the solum ranges from medium acid to neutral and the lower part ranges from slightly acid to mildly alkaline. The gravel content ranges from 0 to 20 percent throughout the pedon. Volume of rock fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter range from 0 to 3 percent throughout the pedon. The depth to mottles ranges from 16 to 30 inches and the upper 10 inches of the Bt horizon is free of mottles that have chroma of 2 or less.
The Ap horizon has chroma of 1 to 3. The E horizon has value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 3 or 4. The Ap and E horizons are sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures.
The Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. They are gravelly loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly clay loam, clay loam, sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures. The 2Bt horizon is formed in loam or clay loam. Some pedons have a BC horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam or sandy clay loam.
The 2C horizon has chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam or silty clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming, Caleb, Dowagiac, Dunbridge, Gara, Glenhall, Koronis, Lester, Longlois, Lydick, Mohawk, Neda, Octagon, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Renox, Taopi, Waucoma, and Winneshiek series. Similar soils are the Fox, Ionia, and Kendallville series. The Argyle soils contain more silt in the upper part of the B horizon. Baltimore soils have Bt horizons of 5YR or redder hue which contain many mica flakes. The Bassett,Caleb, Gara, Racine and Razort soils contain less gravel and sand in the Bt horizon. Lydick soils have stratified sand and sandy loam C horizons. soils have thicker sola. Blooming soils have the upper part of the solum formed in loess. Dowagiac soils have sand and gravel 2C horizons within depths of 40 inches. Dunbridge, Oneco, Waucoma, and Winneshiek soils are underlain by bedrock. Glenhall soils have more gravel in the sola and are formed in outwash. Koronis soils have B horizons with yellower hues and do not have thin outwash deposits overlying the till. Lester soils have redder hue in the solum and do not have a lithologic discontinuity. Longlois soils have more gravel in the lower part of the solum and formed in loamy outwash overlying gravelly sandy outwash. Mohawk soils are less acid. Neda and Renox soils contain shale fragments throughout their sola. Octagon soils do not have a lithologic discontinuity and are well drained. Orwood soils formed in eolian material and do not have rock fragments. Fox, Ionia, and Kendallville soils have lighter colored surface horizons. In addition, Fox and Ionia soils have 2C horizons of stratified sand and gravel. Kendallville soils do not have mottles with chroma of 2.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cadmus soils are on till plains that have a thin covering of glaciofluvial sediments. Slopes range from 0 to 9 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 29 to 37 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Berville, Conover, Kendallville, Macomb, Miami, and Morley soils. The well drained Kendallville soils, the somewhat poorly drained Macomb soils, and the poorly drained Berville soils are in the same drainage sequence as the Cadmus soils. The well drained Miami soils, the well drained and moderately well drained Morley soils, and the somewhat poorly drained Conover soils are on nearby till plains where the outwash thins to a few inches or is not present.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn, small grain, beans, and hay. A small part is in permanent pasture or forest. The native vegetation was hardwoods; sugar maple, shagbark hickory, and white oak were predominant.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lenawee County, Michigan, 1957.
REMARKS: Classification was adjusted to agree with ST Issue #17 on 7 Sept 94 by CLG. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 12 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 12 to 34 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons); a lithologic discontinuity from gravelly glaciofluvial sediments to glacial till at 30 inches; udic moisture regime.