LOCATION BUSTI NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Busti silt loam in a hayfield on an 8 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap-- 0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 10 percent gravel; neutral; (limed) abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent fine gravel; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2-- 12 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; faces of peds are grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2); weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; 10 percent gravel; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 10 to 26 inches.)
BC-- 19 to 27 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam; massive; firm; 30 percent gravel; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick.)
C-- 27 to 72 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam; massive; firm; 30 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; Town of Busti, 0.5 miles east of the intersection of Forest Avenue Extension and Garfield Road, 150 feet north of Garfield Road. USGS Lakewood, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 4 minutes, 14 seconds N. and Longitude 79 degrees, 15 minutes, 3 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mostly gravel or channers, range from 5 to 15 percent by volume in the surface layer, 10 to 25 percent in the subsurface layer and subsoil, and 15 to 35 percent in the substratum. Unless limed, soil reaction ranges from moderately acid through neutral throughout the soil.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or loam. Structure is weak or moderate, medium or fine subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is very friable or friable.
In some pedons above the B horizon an E or Eg horizon is present with hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 2. Texture is similar to the Bw horizon.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. Medium or coarse or distinct redoximorphic features consisting of both iron depletions and massesof iron accumulation are common to many. Chroma on faces of peds range from 0 through 2. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or loam. Structure is prismatic or subangular blocky. Consistence ranges from very friable through firm.
The BC horizon is similar to the Bw horizon except structure is weak prismatic, subangular blocky, or platy, or the horizon is massive. Some pedons have a CB horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or loam. Consistence is friable or firm. The horizon is massive, or has weak platy or very coarse prismatic structure.
COMPETING SERIES: The Holton, Lamson, Massena, and Newstead series are in the same family. Holton soils have less than 10 percent rock fragments in the subsurface and subsoil. Lamson soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the substratum. Massena soils have free carbonates at 20 to 50 inches, contain less silt and very fine sand, and are neutral to moderately alkaline in the C horizon. Newstead soils have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
The Darien, Erie, Fremont, Leicester, Stissing, and Volusia series are similar soils in related families. Darien and Fremont soils have fine-loamy particle-size control sections. Erie and Volusia soils have a fragipan. Leicester and Stissing soils have a acid soil reaction class.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Busti soils are nearly level to strongly sloping and are on till plains, upland hilltops, valley sideslopes, and lower foot slopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The soils formed in till derived mainly from siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and smaller amounts of shale. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 50 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the mean annual frost-free period ranges from 110 to 150 days. Elevation ranges from 100 to 1700 feet above sea-level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the moderately well drained
Chautauqua and well drained
Chadakoin soils that are in a drainage sequence with Busti. Also associated are the competing finer textured, somewhat poorly drained
Fremont and
Darien soils on similar landscapes, and the moderately well drained, finer textured
Schuyler soils on higher convex knolls and ridges. Gravelly
Chenango soils are on adjacent lower-lying outwash terraces. Very poorly drained
Alden soils are in nearby depressions of the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to very high. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the solum and moderately slow or slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are idle or are farmed at a medium level of intensity. Cultivated crops such as small grains, corn, and hay are grown in support of dairy operations. Native vegetation is sugar maple, white ash, black cherry, northern red oak, red maple, hemlock, and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciated Allegheny Plateau of central south western New York and possibly Pennsylvania. MLRA's 139 and 140. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Albany County, New York 1985.
REMARKS: Original classification placed Busti in the subgroup of Aeric Haplaquepts. Because of changes established in the 8th editions of `Keys to Soil Taxonomy' this soil now classifies in the new great group of Endoaquepts. Competing series may change as similar soils are reclassified. Busti had previously been mapped as a coarse-loamy variant of the Fremont series.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typifying pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon).
2) Cambic horizon - the zone from 8 to 19 inches (Bw horizon).
3) Endoaquepts great group - Aquic moisture regime as evidenced by: an ochric epipedon that is underlain by a horizon within 20 inches of the soil surface (Bw2 horizon--12 to 19 inches), having faces of peds with chroma 2 or less, and redoximorphic concentrations.
4) Aeric subgroup - a horizon between the Ap and a depth of 30 inches (Bw and BC horizons) which has >50% of the matrix with hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 3 or more.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available for 2 pedons from the Cornell University Soil Survey Laboratory- pedon numbers S83NY13-15 and S77NY13-1. Pedon number S77NY13-1 has particle-size data only.
Soil Interpretation Record No: NY0316