LOCATION BUDE MS+AR LA TNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Fragiudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bude silt loam on a nearly level 1 percent slope in pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; mottled dark brown (10YR 4/3), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; few fine black and brown concretions; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--5 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly plastic; many fine pores; few fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--13 to 19 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly plastic; many fine pores; few fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bw horizon is 10 to 20 inches.)
E/Bx--19 to 26 inches; mottled light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) (E portion), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) (B portion) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable, light olive brown B portion is brittle and compact; many fine voids; many black and brown concretions; gray silt coatings around faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Btx--26 to 29 inches; mottled gray (5Y 6/1) yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm, compact and brittle; many fine voids; patchy clay films on faces of peds; prism faces coated with gray silt; many fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary.
2Btx1--29 to 44 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam containing noticeable sand; many fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm, compact and brittle; many fine voids; patchy clay films on faces of prisms; common vertical tongues less than 1 inch wide of gray silt; common fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Btx2--44 to 57 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam containing noticeable sand; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm, compact and brittle; many fine voids; patchy clay films on faces of prisms; common vertical tongues less than 1 inch wide of gray silt; common fine black and brown concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Btx3--57 to 63 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic parting to weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm, slightly compact and brittle; many fine voids; patchy clay films on faces of prisms; common fine black and brown concretions; few tongues of gray silt between prisms; very strongly acid. (Combined thickness of the 2Bx horizon is 22 inches to more than 40 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Tippah County, Mississippi, 1.5 miles north of Falkner on State Highway 15, and 300 feet east into pasture, southeast 1/4 southwest 1/4, sec. 31, T. 2 S., R. 4 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness exceeds 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan ranges from 18 to 40 inches. The soil is very strongly acid to medium acid, except for those surface layers that have been limed.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 to 4, or value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6, or it is mottled in shades of brown. Some undisturbed pedons have a thin A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, or it has hue of 7.5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 6. Mottles with chroma of 2 or less are within the upper 10 inches of the Bw horizon. In some pedons, it is mottled in shades of yellow, brown, and gray. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Between a depth of 10 inches and the upper boundary of the fragipan, clay content ranges from 18 to 30 percent, and sand content is less than 15 percent.
The E/Bx horizon is mottled in shades of brown and gray. Some pedons have a grayish E horizon or a mottled B/Ex horizon. Texture is silt loam, and the clay content is less than that of the Bw and Btx horizons.
The Btx horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 1 or 2, with mottles in shades of brown and yellow, or it is mottled in shades of yellow, brown, and gray. It is silt loam or silty clay loam.
Below the B horizon of the upper sequence and within a depth of 48 inches from the surface, sand content is more than 15 percent. The 2Btx has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2, with common to many mottles in shades of gray, yellow, and brown, or the horizon is mottled in these colors. It is silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Calloway and Necessity soils in the same family and the Longview, Paden, Pheba, Splendora, and Tippo series. The Calloway soils have less than 10 percent fine sand and coarser to a depth of 48 inches. The Necessity soils have an argillic horizon above the fragipan and have sand content from 10 to 35 percent with less than 15 percent coarser than very fine sand in the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon. Longview, and Tippo soils do not have a fragipan; in addition, Tippo soils have a coarse-silty particle size class. Paden soils have less than 35 percent base saturation and do not have mottles with chroma of 2 or less in the upper part of the B horizon. Pheba soils have a coarse-silty particle size class and they have less than 35 percent base saturation. Splendora soils have a fine-loamy particle size class.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Bude soils are on nearly level to gently sloping surfaces on uplands and terraces of the Southern Mississippi Valley Silty Uplands Major Land Resource Area. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. The soils formed in a silty mantle, less than 4 feet thick, and the underlying loamy sediments. The climate is warm and humid. The mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F, near the type location, and mean annual rainfall is about 57 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Paden soils of the competing series and the Henry, Mayhew, and Providence soils. Moderately well drained Paden soils are in similar positions as the Bude series. Poorly drained Henry soils, which are in depressions or nearly level areas in uplands, are dominantly gray between the base of the A horizon and the fragipan. Poorly drained Mayhew soils, which are on nearly level ridgetops to moderately steep hillsides, have gray colors and 35 to 60 percent clay in the upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon. Moderately well drained Providence soils, which are on higher positions of the terrain, have an argillic horizon above the fragipan.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained, slow to medium runoff, moderate permeability in the Bw horizon and slow in the fragipan. The water table is perched above the fragipan during periods of high rainfall.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of the Bude soils are forested. Principal vegetation of wooded areas is cherrybark, Shumard oak, sweetgum, yellow-poplar, loblolly pine and shortleaf pine. Cleared areas are cropped to corn, cotton, soybeans, or used for hay crops and pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Little Rock, Arkansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Louisiana Dairy Experiment Station, Washington Parish, Louisiana, 1948.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of about 5 inches (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon - the zone from approximately 5 to 19 inches (Bw1, Bw2 horizons).
Fragipan - the zone from approximately 19 to 63 inches (E/Bx, Btx, 2Btx1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 26 to 63 inches (Btx, 2Btx1, horizons).
Glossaquic features - eluvial horizon immediately above the fragipan, the zone from approximately 19 to 26 inches (E/Bx horizon), and has mottles with chroma of 2 or less in the upper 10 inches of the cambic horizon, the zone from approximately 13 to 19 inches (Bw2 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data: Soil characterization data for the typical pedon and one other pedon are published in SSIR No. 13, pp. 34-37. Also, characterization data for the typical pedon are published in Soil Survey of Tippah County, Mississippi (issued February 1966), pp. 86-89. Physical data for one pedon are published in Soil Survey of Copiah County, Mississippi (issued November 1984), page 117. Engineering test data for 3 pedons are published in Soil Survey of Lincoln County, Mississippi (issued 1963), pp. 38-39; Soil Survey of Tippah County, Mississippi (issued February 1966), pp. 64-65; and Soil Survey of Copiah County, Mississippi (issued November 1984), page 117, respectively.