LOCATION BUDD INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Budd fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 702 feet (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 9 inches thick)
E--9 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--21 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 8 to 40 inches.)
BC--30 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
C1--38 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified sandy loam, loamy sand, and sand; massive; very friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
C2--46 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified silt loam, very fine sand, and sand; massive; friable; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizon is 3 to 25 inches.)
2C3--52 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; firm; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; about 8 percent gravel and cobbles; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Pulaski County, Indiana; about 3 miles south of Winamac; 1,540 feet east and 2,500 feet south of northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 30 N., R.2 W.; U.S.G.S. Winamac, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 0 minutes 16.8 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 35 minutes 48.8 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 533899 easting and 4539356 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 25 to 50 inches
Depth to carbonates: 35 to 58 inches
Depth to till: 40 to 70 inches
Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand, or less commonly loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand, or less commonly loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redoximorphic features: the argillic horizon has iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less and value of 4 or more throughout
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam, or less commonly gravelly sandy loam, sandy clay loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, or clay loam; where the texture is sandy clay loam or clay loam, the layer is less than 8 inches thick
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, very fine sand, gravelly sand, gravelly loamy sand, or silt loam
Rock fragments range from 0 to 20 percent by volume. It ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Sand content: 35 to 70 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brady, Dixboro, Poseyville, Wasepi, Whiskerville, and Winamac series. Brady soils have less than 10 percent clay and more than 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Dixboro soils do not have a lithologic contact with till in the lower part of the series control section. Poseyville soils are less than 25 inches to the base of the argillic horizon. Wasepi soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Whiskerville soils have more than 25 percent clay and less than 35 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Winamac soils do not have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less in the upper part of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Budd soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash overlying loamy till on till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Brady, soils and the Bronson, Gilford, Goodell, and Winamac soils. The somewhat poorly drained Brady soils are on similar positions. The moderately well drained Bronson and Winamac soils are on higher landform positions. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Gilford and Goodell soils are in depressions. Budd soils are in a drainage sequence with the Goodell and Winamac soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately rapid in the outwash material and slow in the underlying till. The depth to the top of a seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 feet below the surface from November to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly cultivated. Where drainage is adequate it is cropped to corn, small grain, beans, and grass-legume hay. A small part is in permanent pasture or forest. The native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111 in northern Indiana. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pulaski County, Indiana, 2001.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon (mollic intergrade): from the surface to 9 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon: from 15 to 30 inches (Bt horizon)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons between 9 and 80 inches
The Budd series was proposed for the Brady with till substratum mapped in the Pulaski County, Indiana soil survey update.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 154143 represents the typical pedon in complex with Brady soils.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S98IN131-014) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T98IN-131-379) for the typical pedon is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Budd and 30 percent Winamac soils.