LOCATION BROOKLYN IL+MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Albaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Brooklyn silt loam - on a southwest-facing slope of 0.5 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 679 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [19 to 28 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]
Eg--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silt loam; weak medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 28 cm (5 to 11 inches) thick]
Btg1--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Btg2--51 to 79 cm (20 to 31 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many prominent black (N 2.5/0) organo-clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg3--79 to 102 cm (31 to 40 inches); gray (2.5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky; firm; common distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent black (N 2.5/0) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [The combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 51 to 89 cm (20 to 35 inches).]
2Btg4--102 to 117 cm (40 to 46 inches); gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
2Bt--117 to 132 cm (46 to 52 inches); 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), 40 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) gravelly clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; common medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 20 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
2BCt--132 to 158 cm (52 to 62 inches); 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), 30 percent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3), and 20 percent gray (2.5Y 6/1) clay loam with thin strata of silt loam; massive; firm; very few distinct black (2.5Y 2.5/1) and very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films lining pores and root channels; many medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron-manganese oxide nodules throughout; 5 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [The combined thickness of the 2Btg, 2Bt, and 2BCt horizons is 10 to 61 cm (4 to 24 inches).]
2C--158 185 cm (62 to 73 inches); 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 40 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1) loam with thin strata of sandy loam; massive; firm; many medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) masses of iron-manganese oxides throughout; 7 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [ 0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches) thick.]
3Cd--185 to 203 cm (73 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; massive; very firm; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron and few fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Illinois; about 6 km (4 miles) north of Newman; 61 meters (200 feet) east and 436 meters (1,430 feet) south of northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Newman topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 40 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes and 28.2 seconds W.; NAD27; UTM Zone 16S 0416644E 4412800N; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 102 to 183 cm (40 to 72 inches). The depth to horizons with more than 15 percent sand ranges from 91 to 140 cm (36 to 55 inches). The particle-size control section averages between 35 and 45 percent clay and less than 7 percent fine sand or coarser.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The Eg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It averages between 14 and 22 percent clay. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 2. It is silty clay or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral in the upper part and from strongly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part.
The 2Btg, 2Bt, 2BCt, and/or 2BCtg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. It is clay loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam, or their gravelly analogs, and is commonly stratified with these textures. Gravel content ranges from 2 to 25 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline.
The 2C or 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. It has similar textures as the 2B horizons. Clay content ranges from 15 to 30 percent clay. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
The 3Cd horizon, where present above 203 cm (80 inches), has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam and less commonly clay loam with less than 30 percent clay. Rock fragment content is 2 to 15 percent. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline and it is slightly to strongly effervescent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.78 to 1.95gm/cm3. This horizon is typically unsaturated and perches water.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Cisne, Cowden, Denny, Rubio, and Wagner series. Cowden, and Denny soils average less than 10 percent sand in the lower part of the control section. Cisne soils are not stratified in the lower part of the series control sections and have a mean annual air temperature of more than 54 degrees F. Rubio and Wagner soils have more than 30 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section and are currently classified as Vertic Albaqualfs.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Brooklyn soils are on nearly level and depressional parts of loess-covered outwash plains, till plains, and stream terraces. Slope gradients commonly are less than one percent, but range from 0 to 2 percent. These soils formed in 91 to 140 cm (36 to 55 inches) of loess and in the underlying stratified outwash, of Wisconsinan Age. The dominant clay mineral in the loess is smectite, and the outwash and underlying till is illite. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F.), mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1219 mm (32 to 38 inches), frost free days range from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 183 to 305 meters (600 to 1,000 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blackberry, Brenton, Drummer, Flanagan, Millbrook, Plano, and Thorp soils. The moderately well drained Blackberry soils, the somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils and the well drained Plano soils have mollic epipedons and are on higher parts of the landform nearby. Drummer soils have a mollic epipedon and contain less clay in the control section and are on lower lying parts of the landform nearby. The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils are on the till plain above the Brooklyn soils. The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils contain less clay in the control section and are higher on the landform than Brooklyn soils. Thorp soils have a mollic epipedon and do not have an abrupt textural change from the E horizon to the Bt horizon. They are in similar positions nearby.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Where drained, a perched seasonal high water table is within 31 cm (1.0 foot) below the surface at some time between January and May in most years. In the undrained condition, the perched seasonal high water table is within 15 cm (0.5 foot) below the surface at some time between November and June in most years. These soils are subject to ponding of about 15 cm (0.5 foot) after heavy rains from November through June. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to moderately low (4.23 to 0.42 micrometers per second). The Permeability is moderately slow or slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas with a drainage outlet are used to grow corn and soybeans. Undrained areas are primarily in grass. Native vegetation is grasses and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Illinois in MLRA 108. The extent is moderate (about 11,000 acres correlated).
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Schuyler County, Illinois, 1930.
REMARKS: With this revision, (05/2004), the classification is changed from Vertic Albaqualfs back to Mollic Albaqualfs. Soil cracking is not evident and available data suggests that the LE to 1 meter is insufficient to qualify as Vertic.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 36 cm (14 inches) (Ap and Eg horizons);
albic horizon - the zone from 23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches) (Eg horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from 36 to 132 cm (14 inches to about 52 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, 2Btg4, and 2Bt horizons).