LOCATION BINGHAM UT+IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bingham gravelly loam-cultivated. (Colors are for air-dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; many fine roots; common fine pores; neutral (pH 7.3); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--6 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common medium and fine roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt2--12 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly fine sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; common medium and fine pores; few moderately thick clay films; neutral (pH 7.1); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
2Btk--18 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly sandy loam, dark brown (7/5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; common thin clay films; calcium carbonate coatings on rock fragments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
2Bk--27 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine interstitial pores; strongly calcareous, calcium carbonates are disseminated and as coatings on rock fragments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Utah County, Utah, 3/4 mile east and 1/2 mile north of the junction of US Highway 91 and Utah Highway 52 in Orem; 2,500 feet east and 500 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 11, T., 6 S., R. 2 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soils are dry in the soil moisture control section for more than 60 consecutive days in most years. Mean annual soil temperature is 47 to 54 degrees F. Summer temperatures are 65 to 72 degrees F.
The mollic epipedon is from 7 to 20 inches thick. Depth to gravelly sand is 20 to 35 inches. Organic carbon decreases regularly or reaches a level of less than 0.6 percent within 20 inches. The soils are neutral to moderately alkaline. Coarse fragments are dominantly gravel size but may include cobbles.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 2 or 3. This horizon is gravelly loam, loam or gravelly sandy loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4 moist, 3 to 5 dry and chroma of 2 to 4. It is gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly fine sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam. Clay content is 18 to 27 percent. Rock fragment content is 15 to 35 perent. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent is 0 to 10 percent.
The 2Btk horizon has characteristics of the Bt and 2Bk horizons.
The 2Bk and 2Ck (when present) horizons have value of 4 to 6 moist, 6 to 8 dry and chroma of 2 or 3. Clay content is 0 to 15 percent. Rock fragment content is 35 to 60 percent. Calcium carbonate equivalent is 15 to 40 percent.
COMPETING SERIES:
Manderfield (UT) soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bingham soils are on gently sloping deltaic terraces of old Lake Bonneville and strongly sloping fan terraces with slopes of 1 to 10 percent. Elevations ranges from 4,700 feet to 5,200 feet. They formed in alluvium derived from a mixture of rock, sources, but the gravel is dominantly quartzite. The climate is dry subhumid. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 53 degrees F. Average annual precipitation is 14 to 18 inches and the freeze-free period is 100 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATE SOILS: These are the competing Kidman and Lakewin soils and the Abela, Doyce, Kapod, Parleys and Timpanogos soils. The Doyce, Parleys, and Timpanogos soils lack coarse fragments. The Abela soils lack argillic horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; permeability is moderate in the upper part and rapid in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for irrigated land, mainly orchards with lesser amounts of small grain, peas, tomatoes and alfalfa. The native vegetation is bluebunch wheatgrass, big sagebrush, rubber rabbitbrush and weeds.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are moderately extensive in north-central Utah and southern Idaho, dominantly along the Wasatch Front.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Salt Lake Area, Utah, 1899.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to depth of 18 inches. (A, Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone of clay accumulation from 6 to 27
inches deep. (Bt1, Bt2, and 2Btk horizons)
Calcic horizon--the zone of carbonate accumulation from 18 inches
to 60 inches. (2Btk and 2Bk horizons)
Sandy or sandy-skeletal feature--the substratum layer that is dominantly gravel and sand. (2Btk and 2Bk horizons)
The classification is based on, "Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998."