LOCATION BERNALDO TX+LAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 percent slope--in pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless other wise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 20 cm [2 to 8 in] thick)
E--15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; single grained; soft, very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 46 cm [0 to 18 in] thick)
Bt--36 to 119 cm (14 to 47 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; thin patchy clay films on surface of peds; sand grains coated and bridged; few concretions and soft masses of iron-manganese; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 102 cm [10 to 40 in] thick)
Bt/E--119 to 203 cm (47 to 80 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent albic material mainly along surface of prisms (E); about 10 percent of the Bt is brittle; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Nacogdoches County, Texas; about 10 miles southwest of Nacogdoches on Stephen F. Austin Experimental Forest; about 1 mile northeast of headquarters on Forest Road 401 and about 50 feet on the outside of a 90 degree curve in the road. Lake Nacogdoches South USGS quad; Lattitude, 31 degrees, 30 minutes, 36 seconds N; Logitude, 94 degrees, 46 minutes, 30 seconds W, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for more than 90 days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (67 to 70 degrees F)
Depth to argillic horizon: 10 to 74 cm (4 to 29 in)
Thickness of solum: more thant 203 cm (more than 80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 18 to 25 percent
Silt plus very fine sandy content: 25 to 40 percent
Rock fragments: rounded quartzite or ironstone pebbles range from none to few
CEC/clay ratio: 0.40 to 0.60
Base Saturation: 60 to 90 percent in the lower part of the argillic horizon
A horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6, horizons with value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3 are less than 18 cm (7 in) thick
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or loamy very fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)
E horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
The combined thickness of A and E horizons: 15 to 51 cm (6 to 20 in)
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)
E/B or BE horizon where present
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 6 or 8
The combined thickness of A and E horizons: 15 to 51 cm (6 to 20 in)
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid (5.1 to 6.5)
Bt horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redox concentrations: amount-none to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-red and brown
Redox depletions: amount-none to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct ot prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray, depletions with chroma 2 or less are below a depth of 30 inches
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
Bt/E horizon
Bt part
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-brown and red.
Redox depletions: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct ot prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam.
Brittleness: 5 to 15 percent of peds
E part
Albic material: 5 to 15 percent in vertical streaks, pockets or coatings on the surface of peds
Plinthite: none to 4 percent nodular plinthite
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
BCt/E horizon where present
BCt part
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redox concentrations: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct to prominent, boundary-clear, shades-brown and red.
Redox depletions: amount-few to many, size-medium, contrast-distinct ot prominent, boundary-clear, shades-gray
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam.
Brittleness: 5 to 15 percent of peds
E part
Albic material: 5 to more than 15 percent in vertical streaks, pockets or coatings on the surface of peds
Plinthite: none to 4 percent nodular plinthite
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
B't or BCt horizon where present
Color: shades of brown, red, yellow and gray
Texture : fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam
Albic material: 0 to 4 percent by volume
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bernow,
Gallime and
Latex soils in the same family, and the similar
Attoyac,
Besner,
Bowie,
Freestone, and
Sawtown series in closely related families.
Bernow soils: do not have an apparent water table within depths of 122 to 183 cm (4 to 6 ft). Gallime soils have an epipedon 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)thick.
Latex soils: are clayey in the lower part of the Bt horizon.
Attoyac soils: have colors with hue redder than 5YR in the upper part of the Bt horizon.
Besner soils: have coarse-loamy particle size control sections.
Bowie soils: have base saturation less than 35 percent.
Freestone soils: become clayey with depth and have redox depletions within 75 cm (30 in) of the surface.
Sawtown soils: have a clayey 2Bt horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Pleistocene terraces derived from loamy alluvium
Landscape: Coastal Plain
Landform: Tread on stream terraces
Slope: Slope gradients are mainly 0 to 5 percent, but range to 8 percent.
Mean annual air temperature range: 18 to 20 degrees C (64 to 68 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1016 to 1219 mm (40 to 48 in)
Frost-free period: 240 to 260 days
Elevation: 61 to 168 m (200 to 550 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: more than 64 to 84
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the closely related
Attoyac,
Besner, and
Freestone series, and the
Mollville,
Segno,
Splendora, and
Woden, series.
Attoyac,
Hainesville, and Freestone soils: are on higher landscape positions and have deeper water tables.
Besner soils: are on closely associated mounds and convex areas.
Mollville soils: are in depressions, have intrusions of albic material in the upper B horizon, and have gray colors near the surface.
Segno soils: are on associated uplands and contain plinthite.
Splendora soils: are on associated uplands and have fragipan characteristics and are somewhat poorly drained.
Woden soils: are on similar terraces and have a coarse-loamy particle size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Bernaldo soils are well drained. They have moderate permeability. Runoff on 0 to 1 percent slopes is negligible, 1 to 3 percent is very low, 3 to 5 percent is low, and 5 to 8 percent is medium. The soil is wet in the layers below a depth of 122 to 183 cm (4 to 6 ft) during the winter and spring seasons in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Principal use is woodland with dominant species of pine such as loblolly and shortleaf and many oak species and other southern hardwoods. Some areas are in pasture. Pastures are mainly in improved or common bermudagrass, bahiagrass, overseeded with legumes of crison and arrowleaf clovers, vetch or singletary peas. Small areas are farmed to corn, small grains for grazing, sorghum for grazing and hay, and truck crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mainly in the Southern Coastal Plain of eastern Texas and Oklahoma. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Little Rock, Arkansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anderson County, Texas; 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to depth of approximately 36 cm (14 in) (A and E horizons)
Albic horizon - 15 to 36 cm (6 to 14 in) (E horizon).
Argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 36 to 203 cm (14 to 80 in) (Bt, Bt/E horizons)
Intrusions of albic material - 5 to 15 percent albic materials in the form of streaks, pockets and coating on the surface of peds. (Bt/E horizon, 119 to 203 cm [47 to 80 in].)
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