LOCATION BARNES ND+MN SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Barnes loam in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine pores; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 4 to 11 inches thick)
Bw1--7 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common medium pores; patches of clay on vertical faces of peds; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--11 to 19 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common medium pores; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bw horizons 4 to 23 inches thick)
Bk--19 to 37 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) dry; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few medium pores; few masses of carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 24 inches thick)
C--37 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) dry; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Pierce County, North Dakota; 8 miles east, 2 miles south of Wolford; 2100 feet west and 1450 feet north of the southeast corner, sec. 27, T. 158 N., R. 69 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon is 7 to 16 inches thick. The 10 to 40 inch particle-size control section is loam or clay loam and contains up to 10 percent by volume of rock fragments. It has more than 30 percent total sand and more than 20 percent fine sand and coarser sand. Stony phases are recognized.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and 3 or 4 dry, and chroma of 1; however, chroma of 2 is allowed below the Ap. It typically is a loam but includes fine sandy loam, sandy loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam and silt loam. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 5, 3 to 6 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, 5 to 8 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or clay loam. It has 10 to 30 percent calcium carbonate equivalent. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It has relict mottles in some pedons. Some pedons have a BCk horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, 4 to 7 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or clay loam. It is not mottled in some pedons. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Doland, Edgeley, Formdale, Hibar, Vienna and Yeoman series. Doland soils have less than 20 percent fine sand and coarser sand in the upper part of the series control section. Edgeley soils have a relatively high shale content and have bedded shale within 40 inches. Formdale soils contain less than 30 percent total sand in the particle-size control section. Hibar soils are moderately deep to sandstone. Vienna soils have silty upper horizons. Yeoman soils have hues redder than 10YR and occur at higher elevations.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Barnes soils are on level to hilly till plains and moraines. Slope gradients typically are 2 to 6 percent, but range from 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in loamy till. The climate is cool subhumid with a mean annual air temperature of 36 to 48 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation of 15 to 25 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aastad, Buse, Forman, Hamerly, Langhei, Parnell, Svea and Tonka soils. Aastad and Svea soils are on concave and nearly level positions. They have mollic epipedons more than 16 inches thick. Buse and Langhei soils are on steeper convex slopes. Buse soils do not have a cambic horizon. Langhei soils do not have mollic epipedons. Forman soils are on similar positions to Barnes. They have an argillic horizon. Hamerly, Parnell and Tonka soils are on lower lying foot slopes and flats, and in depressions. They are wetter and have water tables at or near the surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff ranges from negligible to high depending on the slope. Moderately slow or moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cultivated areas are used for growing small grains, flax, hay and pasture. Native vegetation is western wheatgrass, needleandthread, green needlegrass and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern North Dakota, northeastern South Dakota and western Minnesota. The soils are extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Bismarck, North Dakota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: LaMoure County, North Dakota, 1914.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 11 inches (Ap and Bw1 horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 11 to 19 inches (Bw2 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 2, North Dakota, pages 16 to 29.