LOCATION ANGUS MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Angus loam with a convex slope of about 5 percent on a ground moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on ped interiors; many very fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--23 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and root channels; common very fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 15 to 40 inches)
BC--35 to 40 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films in root channels; about 4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
C--40 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; massive; friable; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletion and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 7 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Wright County, Minnesota; about 1 mile south of Montrose, 200 feet north and 80 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 1, T. 118 N., R. 26 W.; USGS Waverly quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 03 minutes 20 seconds N.; long. 93 degrees 54 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free calcium carbonates ranges from 24 to 54 inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 2 to 8 percent of the volume throughout. Soil saturation occurs in the lower third of the series control section for periods of one month or more. These soils are dry for more than 60 days in the soil moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice. The clay content ranges from 22 to 30 percent and the sand content ranges from 30 to 45 percent throughout.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is typically loam or clay loam, but silt loam, sandy loam and fine sandy loam are within the range. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. Redoximorphic features are present in the lower part of the Bt horizon in some pedons. The B/A clay ratios range from 1.2 to 1.4 . It is strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part and moderately acid to neutral in the lower part.
A Bk horizon is present in some pedons.
The BC horizon has soil color and textures similar to the Bt and C horizon respectively. Clay films are on ped faces or root channels. The reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 5. It is loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are in this horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Argyle, Baltimore, Bassett, Blooming, Caleb, Dowagiac, Dunbridge, Gara, Koronis, Lauramie, Lester, Longlois, Lydick, Mohawk, Neda, Newcomer, Oneco, Orwood, Racine, Razort, Sebbo, Taopi, Waucoma, and Winneshiek soils. The Argyle, Baltimore, Blooming, Gara Koronis, Lester, Lydick, Mohawk, Razort and Taopi soils do not have soil saturation in the lower third of the series control section for more than 1 consecutive month. The Bassett, Caleb, Orwood, and Sebbo soils do not have free carbonates above a depth of 48 inches. Dowagiac soils have sandy outwash sediments with less than 10 percent clay in the lower third of the series control section. Dunbridge and Winneshiek soils have sola terminated by limestone bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Lauramie soils are dry in some parts of the soil moisture control section for less than 60 days during the 120 days following the summer solstice. Longlois soils have 15 to 60 percent rock fragments in the lower half of the series control section. Neda and Racine soils have less than 30 percent sand in the upper one fourth of the series control section. Newcomer, Oneco and Waucoma soils have sola terminated by a lithic contact at depths of 40 to 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes on moraines or till plains. Slopes range from 2 to 9 percent. They formed in calcareous, loamy glacial till of late Wisconsin Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches. Frost-free days range from 125 to 165. Elevation above sea level ranges from 700 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These includes the Cordova, Dundas, Glencoe, Hamel, Houghton, Klossner, and Le Sueur soils which formed in similar parent materials. Poorly drained Cordova and Dundas soils are on flats and upper drainageways. Very poorly drained Glencoe soils are in depressions and drainage channels. Poorly drained Hamel soils are on footslopes or toeslopes. Very poorly drained Houghton and Klossner soils are organic and are in depressions. Moderately well drained Le Sueur soils are on slightly elevated flats and less sloping area.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderate. Runoff is low. A seasonal high apparent water table is at 3.5 to 6 feet during March to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is mixed prairie grasses and deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central and east-central Minnesota and possibly northeastern Iowa. Moderate extent. MLRA-103.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Meeker County, Minnesota, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic subgroup - the zone from the surface to a depth of 8 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 8 to 35 inches (Bt horizons); This soil was previously included in the Lester series. However, due to more investigations, it was concluded that Lester soils on a slope of 2 to 5 percent have seasonal high water table between 3.5 and 6 feet rather than 6 feet or greater.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number MN0830.